AP World History Final Flashcards

3635699041	The Greek city-states were built on a(n) ___.	Acropolis; the base of a hill	0
3635699042	If people were attacked in a Greek city-state, where would they go?	The acropolis	1
3635699043	In the heart of each Greek city-state, there was a marketplace called a(n) ____.	Agora	2
3635699044	The people in a Greek city-state were referred to as the ___.	Polis	3
3635699045	Most Greek city-states were ruled by ____.	Kings	4
3635699046	The polis has a hierarchy. What were the three levels?	1. Native-born men 2. Women and children 3. Foreigners and slaves	5
3635699047	The soldiers who protected the Greek city-states were known as ____.	Hoplites	6
3635734011	T/F: Hoplites were full-time soldiers who devoted their life to war.	F; The hoplites held regular jobs, but when attack strike, they would grab their weapons and he'd to the hilltop.	7
3635742555	The hoplites stood in a tight military formation called a ___.	Phalanx	8
3635750895	The hoplites used the ____(main) and ____ as weapons.	9' spear(main) and large bronze shield	9
3635766324	The king in Greek city-states would let the ___ take charge for a temporary time of crisis, and in this crisis he would have total power.	Tyrant	10
3635773176	Who was considered the best qualified rule in a case of emergency?	The tyrant	11
3635779179	T/F: Each Greek city-state acted as an independent nation.	T; The Ancient Greeks were not a unified people.	12
3635800476	Many Greek city-states began to replace their kings with another type of rule called a(n) ___.	Oligarchy	13
3635810546	A system that uses 5 respected members of the city to act as leaders and vote on important issues is known as a(n) ___.	Oligarchy	14
3635816354	____ was the most economically powerful Greek city-state.	Athens	15
3635819328	The tyrants in Athens allowed the citizens to have ___.	Greater rights	16
3635823175	The first ever "cultural explosion" occurred in which Greek city-state?	Athens	17
3635825283	One of the first great Athenian tyrants was ____.	Solon	18
3635835175	The Athenian tyrant, Cleisthenes, created a(n) ____ that allows ____.	He created an assembly that allowed free male citizens which gave them the power to vote.	19
3635898049	When Cleisthenes stepped down from power, the first step towards ___ began.	Democracy	20
3635923207	Which Greek city-state prided themselves in having more freedom than the others?	Athens	21
3635934731	The most famous Athenian philosopher was ____.	Socrates	22
3635949771	Socrates taught his students in every subject and argued about ____.	Politicians	23
3635977137	The city-state of ____ was ruled as an oligarchy, along with Athens.	Sparta	24
3635981351	The last surviving Myceneans in Greece were the ____.	Spartans	25
3635987290	The Spartan society was built as a (peaceful/warrior) culture.	warrior	26
3635990678	In Sparta, huge amounts of slaves called ____ were needed. They were abused and often tried to rebel.	Helots	27
3636016774	When was the only time Greek city-states worked together?	When they were attacked by foreign invaders.	28
3636033551	When the Persian Empire invaded Greece and were attacked by Athenian hoplites at Marathon, who the person in which the Persians were under the rule of?	Darius	29
3636044220	The Battle of _____ was a huge Athenian success and is recognized as one of the greatest surprise victories in history.	Marathon	30
3636049703	Darius' son, ___, came back to Greece to avenge his father.	Xerxes	31
3636067526	The pass of ____ allowed the Persians under Xerxes rule to attack any city state he desired. This pass led from the coast to the plains of Greece	Thermopylae	32
3636076562	A traitor shoed the Persians a secret route to move behind the pass of Thermopylae and because of that, ___.	All of the Spartans were killed.	33
3636084676	After Xerxes had crossed Thermopylae, he planned to travel to ____.	Athens	34
3636101408	Because of Spartans, the Athenians fled to ____ to better defend themselves.	Salamis	35
3636119806	What happened when Persian ships were sent to Salamis?	They were sunk by the Athenians who used the strait as a bottleneck.	36
3636132625	After the two Persian attacks, the Athenians created the ___.	Delian League	37
3636138334	Many Greek city-states joined the Delian League, and in exchange of their protection, they ___.	were charged heavy taxes	38
3636155822	The taxes from the Delian League went to ___. How did they use this money?	-Athens -They rebuilt Athens into a beautiful city because it had been burnt down by Xerxes.	39
3636165308	What did the Athenian leader, Pericles, create?	A law that allowed all free men over the age of 18 to meet as an assembly and vote on acts. This applied to lower classes as well.	40
3636182677	If a person was to be punished under the rule of Pericles, what happened to them?	They were banished from the city of Athens	41
3636196313	Which two Greek city-states created leagues?	Sparta and Athens	42
3636204960	Sparta declared war on Athens because the Athenians were weak from what?	The plague.	43
3636215284	Because every Greek city-state was a member of the Delian League or the Spartan League, every Greek city-state participated in the ____ War.	Peloponnesian	44
3636222311	The death of who made the Athenians surrender to the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War?	Pericles	45
3636223963	Because of the Peloponnesian War, both Athens and Sparta were weakened and this allowed new invaders from ___ to conquer all of Greece.	Macedon (King Phillip and his son, Alexander the Great conquered.)	46
3636278890	____ was blamed for being critical of the Peloponnesian War. He was later executed due to a vote of the Athenian people.	Socrates	47
3636282321	Socrates' most famous student was ____.	Plato	48
3636285714	Plato dedicated much of his career to defending ____.	Socrates	49
3636292963	What book was written by Plato that described the cons of democracy?	The Republic	50
3636298056	Plato argued for what kind of ruler?	A benevolent dictator who would set aside his own personal needs for the betterment of people.	51
3636302278	Plato argued what for women?	The right to be able to receive education.	52
3636306176	Who was Plato's most famous student?	Aristotle	53
3636310591	Aristotle was a great philosopher who argued for ___.	Democracy	54
3636318043	Aristotle student, ___, became a talented ___, but not philosopher.	-Alexander the Great -conquerer	55
3636384405	Within days of Alexander the Great's death, the ___ Empire fell because it was too big for the government to maintain.	Macedonian	56
3636394201	Who was the empire given to?	His top three generals although Alexander wanted it to go the strongest.	57
3636402478	Which of Alexander the Great's generals claimed the Persian Empire?	General Seleucus	58
3636411685	Greece, Macedonia and Greek ruled cities, were claimed by which of Alexander the Great's generals?	General Antigonous	59
3636418122	The kings who followed Antigonous who controlled Greece were called ____ until the coming of Rome.	Antigonids	60
3636425925	Which part of Alexander the Great's was the greatest and who did it to to?	-Egypt -General Ptolemy	61
3636433862	General Ptolemy of Egypt called himself the new ___.	pharaoh	62
3636439461	The last direct descendant of Ptolemy who controlled Egypt who rules as a pharaoh was ___.	Cleopatra	63
3636446759	After the death of Alexander the Great, Hellenic Greek culture mixed with ____ and ____ cultures; this is called the ____ Period.	-Hellenic Greek mixed with Asian and Egyptian cultures -the Hellenistic Period	64
3636455867	The Hellenistic Period is also referred to as ____.	Hellenism	65
3636489157	Alexander the Great founded many cities all over the Near East, most of which he named ___. This allowed ____ culture to become embedded within local cultures.	-Alexandria -Greek	66
3636520068	The blending of Greek culture and local culture improved the overall quality of like for many, but it created tension with the ___.	Hebrews	67
3636531269	Asian cultures influenced Greek ideals and culture, and the most notable area was ____.	Religion	68
3636533329	Mystery religions got their name because ___.	Their ceremonies were not held in public.	69
3636536148	Mithraism worshipped qualities like strength in which animal?	Bulls	70
3636545900	What other mystery religious cults were popular?	Cults of Isis, Apollo, Dionysus	71
3636555593	Eratosthenes lived in ___ and proved what?	-Egypt -He proved the earth was round as well as accurately measuring its circumference.	72
3636567167	A scientist named ____ claimed the sun revolved around the earth. Who was this idea later adopted by?	-Ptolemy (no relation to general who claimed Egypt) -Christians adopted this idea	73
3636576414	The Ptolemy pharaohs built what?	The Library of Alexandria	74
3636579988	The "books" in the library of Alexandria were written on ___.	papyrus rolls	75
3636588465	Brilliant thinkers would meet in the Library of Alexandria in attempts to solve critical world problems. What was this place called?	The Museum	76
3636607221	In the Hellenistic world, trade was very important. Protection was provided to caravans as they travelled amongst the massive empire to avoid ___.	Warfare	77
3636610283	What made trade amongst the Hellenistic Empire simpler?	A money system based on weight of the coin and its quality.	78
3636620430	The mathematician ____ created geometry and explained it in his book, ___.	-Euclid -The Elements	79
3636624743	Where did Archimedes of Syracuse live?	Sicily	80
3636626345	What did Archimedes or Syracuse discover?	Pi	81
3636628430	What did Archimedes of Syracuse invent?	War machines such as a giant catapult	82
3636641939	Archimedes once ran nude in the streets screaming "____" from the bath house because he has discovered the answer to his problem.	Eureka	83
3636651712	Biology and anatomy were studied in Hellenistic Egypt by using ___.	Cadavers from deceased prisoners	84
3636668883	When the Muslim Arabs invaded Egypt, ____ was burnt to the ground and because of this, much of this knowledge was lost.	Library of Alexandria	85
3636673134	Zeno taught a philosophy called ___.	Stoicism	86
3636678187	Stoicism claims that a person must use ___ to live.	Logic	87
3636680659	Stoics display little emotion because ___.	Emotion is for animals, not humans.	88
3636689016	In stoicism, along with the lack of emotion, duty and responsibility to ones ___ is important	Family	89
3636693137	Epicurus was the philosopher who created ____.	Epicureanism	90
3636703897	The philosophy of Epicureanism encompasses the belief that ____ is important in moderation. One must control themselves in order to maintain balance.	Pleasure	91
3636711443	The scientist Democritus coined the name ____. He wasn't able to prove it because they were too small for the human eye to see.	Atoms	92
3636714387	Hellenistic art portrayed people in a state of ____. Examples of Hellenistic art include ____.	-Action -Nike and Venus de Milo	93
3636721028	In the Hellenistic world, _____ and ____ were superior to conflict.	Peace and trade	94
3636729570	Hellenism was mainly on the (Western/Eastern) side of the Mediterranean because ____ was forming a society based on warfare on the opposite side.	-Eastern -Rome	95
3636742503	_____ defeated what was left of the Chin (Qin) Dynasty and established the ____ Dynasty.	-Liu Pang -Han Dynasty	96
3636752073	The Han Dynasty was named after the ____.	Han River	97
3636755831	The Han river was a tributary of what river?	Yangtze	98
3636758610	The Han Dynasty's capital was ___.	Chang-an	99
3636788972	The Han corresponded to what period(s) in Rome?	Late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire	100
3636801974	Chin Shi Huang Di used which tactic that the Han did not? Did the Qin or Han Dynasty succeed more because of this?	-force and terror -The Hans were succeeded because they were tactful and gradual when dealing with other people.	101
3636812016	Because the Han Dynasty was very popular, _____ people continue to refer to themselves as "Han."	Ethnic Chinese	102
3636817844	Lui Bang lessened demands for taxes and removed which system that was used by the Chin?	Forced Labor System	103
3636824506	The ban on what was lifted during the Han Dynasty which sparked a revival of intellectual life?	Confucianism and religious literature, such as Confucian classics.	104
3636831421	What gave the Han Empire a solid foundation in philosophy and wisdom?	Confucian scholars	105
3636840628	An educated government was needed to maintain such a vast empire, so officials called ___ were given power.	Bureaucrats / Mandarins	106
3636844427	How were the bureaucrats / mandarins chosen?	The Civil Service Exam	107
3636849675	The Civil Service Exam lasted for a(n) ____ and was based on ____.	-a week -Confucian classics	108
3636856368	The only people who could afford an education were the ____.	Landowner class	109
3636892899	The Chinese society was divided into two groups of people: _____ and _____.	Peasants and Aristocrats(Bureaucrats)	110
3636902211	The greatest problem Wu Di (______) faced was the invasion of the ____.	-Martial Emperor -Huns	111
3636922007	Wu Di needed large armies, so he ____.	Raised peasant taxes	112
3636932829	Why did Wu Di not raise the wealthy landowner's taxes?	He feared that they would organize a revolt against him.	113
3636940529	Why was there a shortage of harvest in Han China?	The amount of labor and military service of peasants increased.	114
3636959025	Wu Di expanded the ___ as a way to the raids of the Hun calvary just as Chin Shi Huang Di did.	Great Wall of China	115
3636979520	Silk trade travelled through which desert? What was this trade route called?	-Takla Maklan Desert -Silk Road	116
3636986820	Pax Sinica translates to what?	Peace in China	117
3636988676	Pax Sinica was contemporary to what in Rome?	Pax Romana	118
3636993174	As military costs increased, so did ____.	Taxes	119
3636997742	The government has to rely more on who to control the population? How was peasant life affected?	-Military commanders and great landowners -Peasant life grew worse.	120
3637008767	After Wu Di, there was a pattern between his successors; what did they all have in common?	They were all mediocre.	121
3637020921	Peasants were forced to become ____ on the land that they had once owned. Who used this to their advantage?	-tenants/serfs -rich officials and wealthy landowners	122
3637029737	Peasants fell behind in their rent to their old property and were forced to do what?	Sell themselves or their children into slavery.	123
3637034143	Which of the Han rulers established a university?	Wu Di	124
3637039101	Han scholars viewed who as the ideal wise man?	Confucius	125
3637044097	The official philosophy of the Han Dynasty was what?	Confucianism	126
3637051120	What were four inventions invented in the Han Dynasty?	seismograph, paper, wheelbarrow, telescopic device	127
3637056835	The seismograph was capable of doing what?	Indicating earthquakes several hundred miles away.	128
3637066381	Paper was made of what originally?	Cloth rags	129
3637074690	The second edition of paper was made of what?	Bamboo strips	130
3637078983	The primitive telescopic device determined what?	The length of the calendar year.	131
3637114948	African, Arabic, Persian, and Arabic merchants all began to arrive on the coast of Africa in each of ___, ___ and ___.	Ivory, gold and slaves	132
3637124897	As the coastal villages along the coast of Africa, the cities became very ___.	Wealthy	133
3637131858	To simplify trade along the East African coast?	A language called Swahili.	134
3637134778	Swahili is a combination of what two languages?	Arabic and Bantu	135
3637144846	Persian traders travelled down to East Africa into what is called ____.	The Horn of Africa.	136
3637165104	What did Persians bring to the Horn of Africa?	Fine woven rugs and products made of gold and silver.	137
3637171038	What travelled to Persia from the Horn of Africa?	Ivory and animal skins.	138
3637176523	What did Arab traders bring to the Horn of Africa?	Jewels and goods from Europe and Central Asia along with cotton cloth from India.	139
3637184612	What did the Arabs trade for to bring to Arabia?	Ivory, gold, animal skins and rhino horns.	140
3637200801	More than 35 East African trade cities dotted the East African coast from ____ to ____.	Mogadishu to Kilwa	141
3637248801	Weavers in Mogadishu and Sofala made ____.	Cloth	142
3637251885	Workers in Mombasa and Malindi made ___.	High quality iron tools	143
3637261344	What famous Arab traveler visited Kilwa and admired the way the rulers and merchants lived?	Ibn Battuta	144
3637264312	What made Kilwa so rich?	It was far enough south that a ship from Asia could sail in one monsoon season, but closer to the gold fields of South Africa than any other trade city.	145
3637279515	Which trade city in the Horn of Africa controlled all of the gold trade from Southern to Eastern Africa?	Kilwa	146
3637283256	Which was the most powerful and wealthy of the East African city-states?	Kilwa	147
3637311608	Arab and Persian traders ____ to East African coastal cities.	Islam	148
3637316954	Each African city ruler was usually ____. (religion)	Muslim	149
3637330056	For trade in the Indian Ocean, ___ was the accepted religion for merchants, just as ___ was for European merchants.	-Islam : Africa -Christianity : Europe	150
3637350926	What was the dominant religion of the inner regions of Africa?	Animist or Polytheistic	151
3637353365	Where did most of the demand come in Africa?	The inner regions of Africa	152
3637782250	Winter monsoon winds travelled ___ to ___.	North to South	153
3637776471	Summer monsoon winds travelled ___ to ___.	South to North	154
3637360127	Why did Arab traders travel along the coast of African trade cities?	In hope of kidnapping Africans to send to Persia and Arabia.	155
3637367017	What did the African slaves act as in India?	Soldiers	156
3637369550	What did the African slaves act as in China?	Household servants	157
3637377471	Arab traders who captured African slaves averaged at around ____/year.	1,000	158
3637381780	Which nation established Great Zimbabwe?	Shona	159
3637385212	Great Zimbabwe was a great land for ____.	Farming and ranching	160
3637390079	Great Zimbabwe was a midpoint between ____ and the East African coast.	gold mines	161
3637399739	The South African gold mines were deep in the African interior so it was important that ___ was provided for gold merchants who travelled from the coast to Kilwa.	protection	162
3637406339	What was a source of income for Great Zimbabwe?	The protection of traders as they travelled from South African gold mines to Kilwa.	163
3637417867	What was the economic and political center of the East African Empire?	Great Zimbabwe	164
3637426995	Why was Great Zimbabwe suddenly abandoned?	The gold fields were depleted and over population had caused the grasslands to be damaged by cattle grazing. Also, overfarmimg had depleted the soil of its nutrients.	165
3637451986	Why did East Africa stop flourishing?	Asia began to sell spices.	166
3637462822	The Mughals were Muslim and invaded ___ with the aid of the leader Babar.	India	167
3637467867	What was the key to success for the Mughals?	gunpowder and cannon	168
3637478633	The Mughals used ___ to defeat Indian states.	cannons	169
3637485187	Babar took advantage of what to conquer the Indians?	India's lack of unity.	170
3637512346	Babar's grandson, ___, made the Mughal Empire even larger,	Akbar	171
3637516805	Akbar was a Muslim, however, he tolerated other religions such as ___ and ___. This is evident because many of his closest advisors were members of these religions.	Hinduism and Buddhism	172
3637522698	What ceased during Akbar's rule?	Warfare	173
3637526449	What allowed trade to increase and improve the economy?	Peace of Akbar	174
3637528493	Akbar's tax collectors were called ___.	Zamindurs	175
3637542186	The zamindurs in the Mughal Empire acted as ____ as well at tax collectors.	local govenors	176
3637551865	Which Mughal ruler(s) believed that local authorities solved problems more proficiently than a ruler that was far away?	Akbar	177
3637555467	After Akbar's death, how did the Mughal Empire change drastically?	It became very intolerant of religion. Hinduism and Buddhism was not accepted.	178
3637560519	Which Mughal ruler(s) killed his bothers?	Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb	179
3637563780	Which Mughal ruler(s) raised taxes to support his love of luxury?	Shah Jahan	180
3637567586	The Taj Mahal was built by ___ and he did so to honor his ___.	-Shah Jahan -his wife	181
3637571363	Shah Jahan made no attempts to improve what?	roads and irrigation	182
3637574715	What led to Shah Jahan's downfall?	The cost of building the Taj Mahal as a shrine for his wife.	183
3637578131	Who was Shah Jahan overthrown by?	His son, Aurangzeb.	184
3637587319	Which ruler(s) did not believe in freedom of religion?	Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb	185
3637594971	___ stopped the building of Hindu temples and tore down many older ones and built ___ on top of them.	-Aurangzeb -Islamic mosques	186
3637602141	What led to the decline of the Mughal Empire?	Rebellions broke out all over India and Persians saw this as an opportunity to invade.	187
3637607653	When the Persians invaded the Mughal Empire, what did they do?	They burnt down New Delhi.	188
3637612432	When the Persians left the Mughal Empire, they were much less powerful, but returned to power in ____.	Northern India	189
3637629972	Although the Mughals were warlike people, they were patrons of what?	The arts	190
3637636631	The Mughals commissioned poets, painters and musicians just like ____ did. (contemporarily)	Northern Italy	191
3637644697	The most famous medium of writing in the Mughal Empire was ___.	Poetry	192
3637651960	Many remarkable works of literature were composed during the reign of which Mughal ruler(s)?	Akbar and Shah Jahan	193
3637656182	Mughal Emperors encouraged literary contributions by doing what?	Commissioning writers to produce fictional stories of India's past.	194
3637664732	The Mughals were distantly connected to which conquerers?	Genghis Khan and Tamurlane.	195
3637671621	The Mughals were a group of Central ____ people located in Afghanistan.	Asian	196
3637724905	Renaissance means ___.	Rebirth	197
3637726932	Where did the Renaissance begin?	Northern Italy	198
3637732285	Why did Northern Europe lag behind in the Renaissance?	France and England were locked up in a 114 war called the Hundred Years' War.	199
3637765472	What were three advantages that Italy had in fostering the Renaissance?	1) Thriving city-states 2) Wealthy merchant class 3) classical heritage of Greece and Rome	200
3637773540	What led to the growth of large city states in Northern Italy?	Overseas trade	201
3637796345	Northern Italy was ___ during the Renaissance while the rest of Europe was primarily ___.	Northern Italy: urban Rest of Europe: rural	202
3637803712	Due to the fact cities are often places where people exchange new ideas, what did this spark in Northern Italy?	An intellectual revolution	203
3637808472	The ____ killed 60% of the urban cities in Northern Italy.	plague	204
3637814660	Because of the plague in Northern Italy, there were fewer laborers, so the survivors demanded ___.	higher wages	205
3637821746	Wealthy merchants in Northern Italy began to pursue other interests besides business expansion like ___.	Art	206
3637843192	Many Italian city-states had their ran their own affairs and each collected taxes and had their own ___.	Army	207
3637868547	What was the wealthiest, most powerful class in Northern Italy?	Merchant	208
3637875427	Merchants differed from nobles in what way?	Merchants did not inherit social rank like nobles did.	209
3637881645	Florence became under the rule of one family, the ___.	Medici	210
3637884770	How did the Medici earn their wealth?	In trade and banking	211
3637892284	Which member of the Medici family was the wealthiest European of his time?	Cosimo de' Medici	212
3637903545	How did Cosimo de' Medici influence members of the ruling council?	Giving them loans	213
3637907369	Who was virtually a dictator for virtually 30 years in Florence?	Cosimo de' Medici	214
3637912545	Who was Cosimo de' Medici's grandson?	Lorenzo the Magnificent	215
3637925920	Why did Renaissance scholars look down on the art and literature of the Middle Ages?	They wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans.	216
3637934933	The Renaissance began in Italy because scholars were inspired from the ___.	ruins of Rome	217
3637937387	Where were Ancient Latin manuscripts located?	Monasteries	218
3637940913	Greek manuscripts were though to be lost forever when ___.	Byzantine scholars fled to Rome with Ancient Greek manuscripts after Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks.	219
3637952581	As scholars of the Renaissance studied the ___, they were influenced by classical ideas which gave them a new outlook on life.	Ancient Greek manuscripts	220
3637957620	What led to humanism during the Renaissance?	The study of classical texts.	221
3637959542	What is humanism?	A focus on human achievement and intelligence.	222
3637972490	Humanists tried to understand Ancient Greek values rather than trying to agree with ____.	Christian teaching	223
3637976762	How did humanists influence artists?	By trying to carry on classical traditions.	224
3637980318	Which subjects were called the humanities?	history, literature, philosophy	225
3637984909	Who imitated the merchants of Florence by spending great amounts of money for art in Rome? These people became patrons of arts in Rome.	popes	226
3637992120	The patrons of art in Italy were ___.	Renaissance merchants	227
3637997550	Wealthy families commissioned artists by having their work displayed in ___.	A public place such as a church where it could be publicly displayed.	228
3638074048	Although genius is rare, all people were expected to create ___ during the Renaissance.	art	229
3638083050	A man who excelled in many fields was called a ___.	Renaissance man; universal man	230
3638088969	The Courtier by Baldgssare Castiglione taught people how to become a ____.	Renaissance man	231
3638093958	The Courtier by Baldgssare Castiglione said that a person should be witty, well-educated in the classics, and do things like dance, sing, write poetry, be skilled in riding and fighting, but above all, one must have __.	Self-control	232
3638110449	Many of talented artists lived in Italy, and as the Renaissance advanced, ___.	art style changed	233
3638116967	Which painter clarified the human body?	Michelangelo	234
3638122086	Painters began to paint prominent citizens during the Renaissance and focussed of on detail. This is known as ___ style.	Realistic style	235
3638126632	Which painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist was considered a true Renaissance man?	Leonardo di Vinci	236
3638130903	Which Renaissance many examined the way muscles moved and the way that veins were arranged in a leaf?	Leonardo di Vinci	237
3638135678	What were two of Leonardo di Vinci's most famous paintings?	The Last Supper and Mona Lisa	238
3638141459	How was Dante unique in his writing?	He wrote in his vernacular language instead of Latin.	239
3638143239	What was Dante's vernacular?	Italian	240
3638148861	Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to portray ___.	the individuality of their subjects	241
3638151780	Who was one of the earliest and most influential humanists?	Francesco Petrarch	242
3638155244	Francesco Petrarch wrote in what language(s)?	Both Italian and Latin.	243
3638159697	When Francesco Petrarch wrote in Latin, what did he write?	Many letters to his friends	244
3638165083	When Francesco Petrarch wrote in Italian, what did he write?	14-line poems called sonnets about a woman named Laura	245
3638168080	Who wrote The Prince?	Niccolo Machiavelli	246
3638168941	The Prince examines what?	The conduct of human beings	247
3638343257	The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli encompasses the idea that people are ___.	Fickle, selfish and corrupt	248
3638346778	How was The Prince my Niccolo Machiavelli viewed amongst political figures?	Because Machiavelli revealed much more than princes and kings wanted the people to know, they banned it off an on for centuries..	249
3638352122	Who said, "It is better to be feared than loved." ?	Niccolo Machiavelli	250
3638355154	Which three artists showed true Renaissance spirit?	Leonardo di Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo	251
3638360824	After the plague, what allowed Europe to recover?	The Renaissance	252
3638365542	Urban merchants began to commission artists in Northern Europe. Where did this first happen?	Flanders	253
3638366418	Why was Flanders rich?	Long-distance take to the cloth industry	254
3638369614	How did Italy differ from counties like England and France?	Italy was separated by city-states, whereas England and France were unified nations.	255
3638377378	As the Renaissance spread out of Northern Italy, how did humanism change?	Humanists were more interested in religious ideas rather than secular ones that were popular in Italy. Basically, Northern Europe had a Renaissance of their own.	256
3638384156	Who created the moveable type?	Bi Sheng	257
3638390909	What Chinese invention helped spread ideas throughout Europe?	The moveable type	258
3638395757	Since the Chinese type contained thousands of different characters, it was thought to be ____.	impractical	259
3638398130	Who improved the moveable type?	Johann Gutenberg	260
3638400063	Where was Johan Gutenberg from?	Mainz, Germany	261
3638403263	What was the new and improved moveable type called? It was created by Johann Gutenberg.	The printing press	262
3638407844	What was the first full-sized book printed with the printing press?	The Gutenberg Bible	263
3638411069	Why were books cheap during the Renaissance?	The printing press allowed hundreds of copies of books that looked exactly alike to be printed.	264
3638417796	The printing press caused a rise in ____.	Literacy	265
3638422306	What happened when the Bible was written in vernacular?	People began to interpret it for themselves and become more critical of priests.	266
3638425771	What did the printing of the bible in vernacular lead to?	The Religious Reform	267
3641199691	Donatello was famous for what?	The statue of David.	268