AP World History Flashcards

4414904404	Foragers	people who got food by hunting and gathering	0
4414906397	Neolithic Revolution	the "New Stone Age", the beginning of settled agriculture	1
4414907941	Megalith	gigantic stone structures associated with Neolithic religion	2
4414910684	Sumerians	the earliest civilizations for which writing exists	3
4414913448	City-State	small independent political unit combining an urban center and farmland	4
4414915506	Scribe	a professional writer in ancient societies	5
4414920026	Chavín	an early civilization on South America's west coast	6
4414921037	Confucius	Chinese thinker whose ideas of society strongly influenced Asian Culture	7
4414923366	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese idea that a ruler must govern with wisdom and mercy or fall	8
4414925366	Olmec	chief early American culture, located on Mexico's Gulf Coast	9
4414926904	Zhou Dynasty	China's longest-lived dynasty	10
4414929796	Akhenaten	Egyptian ruler who created a short-lived monotheism	11
4414933239	First Temple (Solomon's)	Israel's central shrine, built by Solomon around 950 B.C.	12
4414934491	Hittites	powerful Indo-European empire, first users of iron in warfare	13
4414938163	Aleaxander	defeated the Persian empire; began to create a new world civilization	14
4414940338	Cyrus	Persion emperor who respected customs of the people he conquered	15
4414941610	Hellenistic Age	a time when Greek and Eastern influences met and blended	16
4414944615	Zoroastrianism	a Persian religion based on a struggle between good and evil	17
4414946903	Aqueduct	Roman technology for carrying water from rivers into cities	18
4414948764	Han Dynasty	Chinses dynasty, 206 B.C. to 220 A.D.	19
4414950491	Paul	Jemsih convert who spread Christianity to non-Jews, or Gentiles	20
4414952810	pax Romana	a period of relative peace in the early Roman empire	21
4414956519	Qin Dynasty	China's first, but short-lived empire, 221-206 B.C.	22
4414958111	Shi Huangdi	harsh founder of China's Qin empire	23
4414959855	Buddha	founder of a religion which, like Hinduism, teaches reincarnation	24
4414961424	Karma	the deeds of a person in an earlier life, determining status in this life	25
4414963060	Moksha	the concept of freedom from reincarnation	26
4414965285	Monsoon	a seasonal wind	27
4414966296	Bantu	an important group of languages in Equatorial Africa	28
4414968011	Indian Ocean Trade	a multilingual, multiethnic trade network	29
4414968881	Silk Road	a trade route linking the Mediterranean world with China	30
4414971090	Trans-Saharan Trade	trade linking the Mediterranean world with central Africa	31
4414986671	Five Pillars of Islam	pilgrimage, faith, alms, prayer, fasting	32
4414994893	Magnetic Compass	a Chinese maritime innovation	33
4414994914	Three Submissions	in Chinese religions, women bowed down to their father, then their husband, then their son	34
4414995761	Footbinding	a practice of China used to lower the status of women	35
4415011568	Quetzalcoatl	a feathered serpent god	36
4415012960	Maize	important crop fro complex civilizations that emerged in the Ohio and Mississippi region	37
4415017190	Llama	crucial for food transportation in the Andes mountain region, carries up to 70 pounds	38
4415031583	Kilwa	most important trading city on the Swahili coast	39
4415042403	Magna Carta	a fundamental constitution or law guaranteeing laws and liberties	40
4415042404	Parliament	the legislature of Great Britain	41
4415043144	Vernacular Languages	language spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country of region	42
4415051947	Caliphate	the Muslim government which succeeded Muhammad after his death	43
4415053486	Hadith	a story of Muhammad's words or deeds while alive	44
4415055113	Islam	an Arabic word meaning "submission"(to Allah)	45
4415058314	Mamluks	Turks, hired as mercenaries, who took over the Abbasid caliphate	46
4415061531	Muhammad	Islam's founder, also called the Prophet of the Messenger	47
4415063866	Muslim	Islam follower	48
4415064656	Quran	written record of Muhammad's teaching about his revelations	49
4415067368	Shi'ites	Muslims who believe Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, should lead Islam	50
4415069430	Sunnis	supported the early caliphs and represent the majority of Muslims today	51
4415072633	Umma	a community of Muslims	52
4415073251	Crusades	a series of Christian military campaigns against Muslims	53
4415073962	Fief	a land grant given in return for military service	54
4415074811	Holy Roman Empire	a loose confederation of German princes in conflict with the papacy	55
4415077487	Monasticism	the organizing of groups of monks	56
4415079924	Papacy	office of pope in the Western church, a position of international power	57
4415081918	Schism	the split between the Catholic and Orthodox churches, beginning in 1054	58
4415083779	Serf	agricultural worker legally bound to the land where he lived and worked	59
4415086332	Champa Rice	a rapidly-growing crop brought to China from southern Vietnam	60
4415087062	Junk	a high-tech oceangoing sailing ship	61
4415090407	Neo-Confucianism	new interpretation of the ideas of China's greatest teacher	62
4415095180	Song Empire	ruled part of China from 960-1279	63
4415096849	Aztecs	a warlike group ho settled in Central Mexico after the Toltec collapse	64
4415098000	Inca	last major empire in western South America before Spanish conquest	65
4415100783	Khipu/Quipu	a knotted-cord device used to aid counting and record-keeping	66
4415102164	Maya	early civilazation located in Central America and southern Mexico	67
4415103816	Mit'a	rotating labor system from Andean region of western South America	68
4415105706	Tribute System	Aztecs made conquered peoples supply goods and victims	69
4415110134	Genghis Khan	supreme leader of the Mongols from 1206-1227	70
4415111376	Yuan Empire	Khubilai Khan's branch if the Mongol empire centered in China	71
4415114301	Bubonic Plague	infectious disease, carried by rats on trade routes	72
4415117159	Golden Horde	the Mongol state controlling southern Russia	73
4415118822	Alexander Nevskii	prince of the Russian city of Novgorod	74
4415120526	Ottomans	Turks who destroyed the Byzantine empire	75
4415124120	Khubilai Khan	Mongol ruler of China in the late 1200s	76
4415125141	Zheng He	wide-ranging Chinese admiral of the early Ming dynasty, led several naval expeditions in the 1400s	77
4415127066	Kamikaze	a typhoon which helps save Japan from Mongol invasion	78
4415130039	Tropics	parts of the earth which receive direct sunlight	79
4415130948	Dhow	a sailing ship widely used in the Indian Ocean trade	80
4415132777	Swahili Coast	network of East African city-states involved in trade	81
4415135241	Great Zimbabwe	South African state, powerful from about 1250-1450	82
4415136884	Timbuktu	a West African city important to Islam	83
4415139203	3-Field System	improved method of agriculture which raised crop yields	84
4415140707	Black Death	bubonic plague	85
4415141543	Hanseatic League	trade association of Northern European port cities	86
4415143390	Guild	an association of workers in a related field	87
4415144894	University	a center of learning	88
4415147934	Printing Press	mass-produced writing, rapid spread of new ideas	89
4415150360	Iberian Reconquest	Spain and Portugal's success in expelling Muslims	90
4415253356	Smallpox	disease spread by trade	91
4415254517	Polynesian Kingdom	1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean	92
4415284702	Henry the Navigator	Portuguese prince who organized his country's voyages to Africa	93
4415287267	Caravel	a versatile design of sailing ship developed for Atlantic voyages	94
4415289569	Gold Coast	a region of West Africa's coast exploited by Portugal	95
4415290904	Vasco de Gama	first Portuguese captain to sail ships around Africa to India	96
4415294477	Ferdinand Magellan	the first European leader of on expedition to sail around the world	97
4415296175	Conquistadors	Spanish "conquerers" in the Americas	98
4415299224	Montezuma	Aztec emperor defeated by Cortés	99
4415301891	Atahualpa	Inca emperor defeated and executed by Pizarro	100
4415314037	Indulgence	the Church's granting forgiveness based on pious deeds	101
4415315530	Protestant Reformation	a movement which rejected the pope's authority over Christians	102
4415321466	Witch-Hunt	an attack on a person outside of church, by Protestants and Catholics	103
4415323034	Scientific Revolution	explained the workings of the physical universe in naturalistic terms	104
4415324393	Enlightenment	explained the workings of human society in naturalistic terms; an attempt to apply scientific principles to social issues	105
4415327212	Deforestation	a serious scarcity of wood brought on by excessive consumption	106
4415329817	Versailles	sumptuous palace built on orders of French king Louis XIV	107
4415332817	Martin Luther	German professor of theology, rejected teachings of the Late Medieval Catholic Church	108
4415332818	John Locke	English philosopher, most influential Enlightenment thinker	109
4415337229	Galileo	viewed the new science with suspicion	110
4415346142	Columbian Exchange	intercontinental trans fer of people, animals, plants, and diseases	111
4415349778	Potosí	mountain of silver which supplied Spain's coins for years	112
4415351274	Encomienda	forced labor-system the Spanish used in America until 1542	113
4415354082	Indentured Servanthood	person coming to America in exchange for 4-7 years of work	114
4415355369	Iroquois Confederacy	alliance between five Native American tribes	115
4415357931	Courers de Bois (Native American Fur Trade)	French woodsmen operating the fur trade in Canada	116
4415360996	Atlantic System	ocean trade which shifted goods, peoples, and cultures	117
4415363774	Middle Passage	the shipment of slaves from Africa to the American plantations	118
4415364885	Songhai	West African empire defeated by Moroccan troops with firearms	119
4415367171	Sugar	important crop in the West Indies that led to the expansion of the African slave trade	120
4415372115	Ottoman Empire	Turkish Muslim empire with conquests in Europe and North Africa	121
4415374795	Janissary	a lave recruited as a soldier by the Ottoman empire	122
4415375994	Safavids	Persian/Iranian Shi'ite Muslim empire opposed to Ottomans	123
4415377504	Hidden Imam	12th descendant of Ali	124
4415379276	Mughals	Indian Muslim rulers from the 1500s to the 1800s	125
4415380925	Sikhism	new Indian religion after 1500, opposing Hindus and Muslims	126
4415383246	Manchu	army from North China which established Qing empire	127
4415384805	Ming	Chinese empire which decayed in the 1500s, ending 14 1644	128
4415386220	Kangxi	early Qing empire who assisted China's recovery	129
4415387836	Macartney Mission	Britain's unsuccessful attempt in1792 to open trade with China	130
4415389466	Muscovy	the land around Moscow	131
4415390211	Siberia	larde region of east Russia	132
4415390808	Peter the Great	aggressive Russian leader who expanded the country's territory	133
4415392493	Jesuits	Catholic missionary organization created by Ignatius of Loyola	134
4415396776	Hideyoshi	Japan's second "great unifier"	135
4419849298	Maximilien Robespierre	most influential leader of the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror	136
4419852878	Stamp Act of 1756	an act of the British Parliament that exacted the revenue from the American colonies	137
4419855683	Battle of Saratoga	climax of the Saratoga campaign, American victory over the British in the American Revolutionary War	138
4419858295	Estates General	French legislature which Louis XVI convened for tax help	139
4419869744	Napoleon Bonaparte	an ambitious general who took over France's government	140
4419876486	Toussaint L'Ouverture	leader of a successful military revolt on Haiti against the French	141
4419883173	Congress of Vienna	diplomats from allied countries trying to undo French changes	142
4419889144	Thomas Malthus	theorized that the American population will outgrow the food supply	143
4419891590	Child Labor	considered inhumane and unsafe for children under a certain age	144
4419894913	Factory Act of 1833	improved the factory conditions for working chldren	145
4419896068	Industrial Revolution	dramatic changes in manufacturing, mining, communications, etc.	146
4419901601	Agricultural Revolution	changes in farming that provided more food from fewer farmers	147
4419905214	Mass Production	making many identical items by simplifying their manufacture	148
4419909544	Steam Engine	first machine which transformed fossil fuel into mechanical energy	149
4419913564	James Watt	perfected the steam engine	150
4419943616	Simon Bolívar	liberator of numerous South American countries	151
4419959164	Miguel Hidalgo	leader of the first Mexican uprising against Spanish rule, 1810-1811	152
4419965034	Confederation of 1867	made Canada a self-governing dominion	153
4419969491	Benito Juárez	Mexican president who survived a French invasion of his country	154
4419972586	Abolitionists	people wishing to outlaw slavery	155
4419975795	Underdevelopment	a low-wage economy based on exporting raw materials	156
4419983190	Selim II	Sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1566-1574	157
4419984839	Ulama	those recognized as scholars or authorities	158
4419988648	Alexander II	the emperor of Russia from 1855-1881	159
4419988649	Muhammad Ali	much-admired ruler of Egypt in the early 1800s	160
4419991811	Serbia	country breaking away from Ottoman control, early 1800s	161
4419996349	Crimean War	Russian against the Ottomans, French and British from 1853-1856	162
4420000647	Young Ottomans	an organization devoted to modernizing the Ottoman empire	163
4420005002	Slavophile	Russians who opposed westernization	164
4420007975	Pan-Slavism	a movement advocating the unity of all Slavic peoples	165
4420014018	Opium War	1839-1842 conflict which opposed China's weakness	166
4420018137	Treaty Nanking	set the pro-Britsh conditions for ending the Opium war	167
4420023559	Taiping Rebellion	the world's bloodiest civil war ever	168
4420030764	Zulu	a warlike native South African kingdom	169
4420034835	Legitimate Trade	any African exports aside from slaves	170
4420038620	British Raj	the British reign over India	171
4420040198	Sepoy Rebellion	a bloody 1850s uprising against British rule over India	172
4420048290	Indian Civil Service	Britain's small, powerful and efficient bureaucracy in India	173
4420054415	Contract of Indenture	made laborers work for 5-7 years to repay their voyage	174
4420068108	Prussia	former state in north-central Germany	175
4420069379	Labor Unions	organizations supporting industrial workers against employers	176
4420075525	Second Industrial Revolution	larger industrial revolution in the latter half of the 19th century	177
4420077261	Dreyfus Affair	Alfred Dreyfus was falsely convicted of passing military secrets to the Germans, 1859-1935	178
4420079159	Japanese Industrialization	Meiji planned to remain free from Western Imperial control by industrializing	179
4420083670	Nationalism	the love of a territory, its government and its unique culture	180
4420090604	Railroads	made steam engines prime mover on industry and commerce	181
4420093092	Thomas Edison	brilliant inventor of a number of electrical devices	182
4420099254	Karl Marx	socialist thinker and writer who invented communism	183
4420109396	Giuseppe Garibaldi	revolutionary warrior involved in southern Italy's liberation	184
4420115784	Otto von Bismarck	the evil genius of Germany's unification by "blood and iron"	185
4420122058	Meiji Restoration	Japan's modernization movement of the late 1800s	186
4420126563	Empress Dowager Cixi	ineffective Chinese ruler of the 1800s	187
4420137339	Suez Canal	impressive building project which opened Egypt to British control	188
4420141571	New Imperialism	the use of industrial technology to exploit the nonindustrial world	189
4420147731	Scramble for Africa	the division of Africa between various European countries	190
4420150713	Cecil Rhodes	ambitious British businessman and colonizer of southern Africa	191
4420157040	Menelik	Ethiopian ruler defeating 1896 Italian attempt to annex his land	192
4420163002	Panama Canal	built by USA over 10 years to allow its navy to move fast	193
4420169896	Machine Gun	most potent defensive weapon of WWI	194
4420172294	Submarine Warfare	introduced in WWI when Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone	195
4420175083	Zionist Movement	Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine	196
4420178881	Women's Suffrage	the right for women to vote and stand for electoral office	197
4420183579	Kemal Ataturk	Turkish army officer, first president of Turkey	198
4420185000	Western Front	scene of WWI fighting, from the North Sea to the Swiss border	199
4420189088	Balfour Declaration	1917 promise of British support for the Zionist movement	200
4420196715	Vladimir Lenin	leader of the Bolsheviks and first head of the USSR until 1924	201
4420201947	Fourteen Points	U.S, President Wilson's ideas to end WWI and insure peace	202
4420208299	League of Nations	international organization created post-WWI to seek work peace	203
4420214952	Treaty of Versailles	arrangement ending WWI and severely limiting German power	204
4420218611	Sun Yat-sen	led China's revolution that ended the Qing dynasty in 1911	205
4420225130	Chiang Kai-shek	replaced Sun as Guomindang leader in 1925, seeking to rule China	206
4420232272	Albert Einstein	he revised the science of physics, as developed by Isaac Newton	207
4420454963	Women's Status USSR	women were elected to the rural soviets	208
4420454964	Great Depression	longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world, 1929-1939	209
4420456110	Antibiotics	cured infectious, deadly diseases	210
4420456111	Working Women	women worked the same jobs as men giving them more respect	211
4420496234	Bangladesh	was liberated by the Cold War in 1917	212
4420496235	Madero	33rd president of Mexico, 1911-1913	213
4420515584	Guatemala	Central American country south of Mexico	214
4420520982	African Independence	Africa changed its names to show their independence	215
4420520983	Fidel Castro	prime minister of Cuba from 1959-1976, then president from 1976-2008	216
4420522633	Bay of Pigs	a U.S, invasion in attempt to overthrow Castro	217
4420550882	Brazilian Solution	first nation to experience the full effects of the conservative reaction to the Cuban Revolution	218
4420552639	Immigration	the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country	219
4420555032	Contras	counterrevolutionary group in Nicaragua that opposed the Sandinistas	220
4420557388	Transnational Corporation	a worldwide enterprise is an organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country	221
4420568508	Euro	What was a single currency used by members of the European Union?	222
4420570717	Free Trade	international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.	223
4420571972	English Language	first spoken in early medieval England	224
4420571973	Internet	new technology of the industrial revolution	225
4420575522	Greenhouse effect	the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere	226
4420592633	Afghanistan	a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia, invaded by Soviet Troops in 1979	227
4420595734	Stalin	ambitious and evil second dictator of the USSR	228
4420599876	Five-Year Plans	a program to enlarge Soviet heavy industries like steel and arms	229
4420605713	Mussolini	Italian dictator copied by other demagogues	230
4420608361	Hitler	applied Mussolini's ideas to Germany to create even more evil	231
4420613878	Mao Zedong	first communist Chinese leader, ruling China from 1949 to 1976	232
4420619430	Stalingard	decisive defeat of German forces in Russia during WWII	233
4420623573	Midway	June 1942 battle that stopped the Japanese advance in the Pacific	234
4420629055	Hiroshima	horrific bombing, first military use of atomic warfare	235
4420633325	Holocaust	the Nazi attempt to wipe out the Jewish people	236
4420639617	Indian National Congress	Organization created to raise the state of Indians in India	237
4420644107	All-India Muslim League	organization dedicated to securing Muslim rights in India	238
4420648292	African National Congress	created in 1912 to defend African interests in South Africa	239
4420650207	Gandhi	skillfully resisted the British in India nonviolently	240
4420654825	Jinnah	articulated Indian Muslim demands for their own homeland, Pakistan	241
4420658914	Zapata	peasant leader who opposed Madero's pro-U.S. Mexican government of 1911-1913	242
4420665059	Pancho Villa	controversial leader in northern Mexico during the country's civil war	243
4420671405	Cárdenas	Mexican president who redistributed land to peasants and seized foreign oil	244
4420675263	Vargas	Brazilian president who oversaw the beginnings of industrialization	245
4420682249	Eva Perón	charismatic Argentinian politician loved by "shirtless ones"	246
4420690820	Iron Curtain	an evocative phrase coined by Churchill to describe E-W tensions	247
4420694912	Cold War	struggle for world dominance between USA and USSR, 1945-1991	248
4420699413	United Nations	successor to League of Nations as organization for world peace	249
4420703331	World Bank	organization created to fund development in needy countries	250
4420709957	Marshall Plan	successful plan to restore Western Europe's economy, post WWI	251
4420717171	European Community	an economic alliance of 6-15 European countries	252
4420719857	Warsaw Pact	Soviet-dominated military alliance created in answer to NATO	253
4420725607	Cuban Missile Crisis	high point of the Cold War in 1962, ended by negotiations	254
4420730068	Third World	countries refusing to take sides in the Cold War	255
4420734993	Cultural Revolution	Mao's communist Chinese attempt to raise radical commitment	256
4420738716	OPEC	wealthy oil-producing nations seeking to maintain high prices	257
4420743282	Proxy Wars	conflicts indirectly involving the USA and USSR	258
4420748396	Salvador Allende	Chilean socialist leader overthrown and killed in 1973	259
4420754433	Ayatollah Khomeini	leader of an Islamic fundamentalist revolution in Iran	260
4420758579	Saddam Hussein	brutal Iraqi dictator, 1979-2003	261
4420762109	NIE	countries which industrialized rapidly and successfully after WWII	262
4420769305	Tiananmen Square	1989 site of a bloody massacre of Chinese seeking civil rights	263
4420773226	Gorbachev	reforming leader of the USSR who saw communist rule end there	264
4420776470	Solidarity	Polish liberation movement which helped end the USSR's control	265
4420784820	Demographic Transition	zero population growth from reduced fertility and infant mortality	266
4420941593	Globalization	joining the world culturally, economically an politically	267
4420946593	World Trade Organization	149 nations trying to reduce international trade barriers	268
4420950576	Weapon of Mass Production	nuclear, chemical, biological weapons	269
4420952305	bin Laden	leader of the al-Qaeda terrorist movement	270
4420956469	Nongovernmental Organization	International philanthropic groups	271
4420961625	Global Pop Culture	a growing worldwide popular culture	272
4420962918	Global Elite Culture	contributes to linkage of world leaders	273
4420969075	Bengal	Eastern Indian province, controversially split by British	274