AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

4413769653	Early Civilizations	developed ways to provide constant source of water, developed specialization in craftwork, built monuments, divided labor duties by gender DID NOT all have ceremonial use of sacrifice	0
4413774294	Brinksmanship	the period when each side brandished its massive powers in a game of military chicken, such as in Cuba	1
4413777118	Peaceful Coexistence	A Cold War term; based on the recognition that the world was never going to be 100% democratic or communist, either way, the goal was to peacefully coexist	2
4413780785	Mutual Assured Destruction	justified the massive investment in weapons and war machines on both sides of Cold War conflict	3
4413782933	Appeasement	Term used to describe European leader's willingness to allow Adolf Hitler to seize territory in Europe without repercussions prior to WWII	4
4413795947	French Colonies	North America, Africa (Guinea, Upper Volta, Congo), and Southeast Asia (Indochina)	5
4413805350	Globalization of America culture	resulted in anti-Western backlash in some developing nations	6
4413808500	Major Impact of Delhi Sultanate in India	introduction of Islam into Indian society	7
4413821091	Result of Bismarck's Berlin Congress plan to partition Africa	only two African nations remained free at the beginning of 20th century; this was due to Bismarck's goal of maintaining a "balance of power" to prevent future war	8
4413832001	Mongol Invasion of China	led to Yuan dynasty (ruled by Kublai Khan). Territory of China expanded as did its economy and trade routes, but eventually ended with Chinese uprisings. Had a strict social class system.	9
4413842070	Incan Empire	Began as a small city-state, but eventually conquered much of western South America. Known for its extensive system of roads, farming techniques, strict class system, and lack of writing. Remained strong until arrival of Spanish in 1500s.	10
4413855418	Russian industrialization	Most dependent on the emancipation of serfs in 1861 because it "freed" them, allowing them to work in nonagricultural jobs.	11
4413938602	Heian Period Japan	Japanese cut ties with China and focused on the study of art and literature, developing its own cultural identity.	12
4413950442	Japan	Never occupied by Mongols, never adopted Confucianism as a state religion but rather embraced Shintoism and Buddhism.	13
4413955292	Mongol Empire	included China (Yuan), Ukraine and Russia (Muscovy), India (Delhi and Mughal), and Persia (Savafid)	14
4413973141	Magna Carta	guaranteed basic rights to nobility and restricted the ability of the king to increase taxes. Signed by King John because it was the only way to "persuade" the nobles to fund his military campaign. Did little to reverse the trend toward a more centralized and stronger national government.	15
4413986458	English Common Law	Was codified under Henry II in 1166	16
4413994215	Vikings	Descendants of Germanic warrior tribes who were known for their plundering raids of western Europe, and for establishing Kiev and Novogrod in Russia. Viking invasions linked Slavs to rest of the world through trade routes. They were excellent open-sea navigators.	17
4414008629	Mamluks	Former Turkish military slaves in Islamic Empire who overthrew Ayyubad dynasty in 13th century and ruled parts of Egypt, Syria, and Arabia for two centuries.	18
4414021561	Greek architecture	relied heavily on using marble and other hard stones	19
4414028725	Gothic architecture	feature of Medieval western Europe	20
4414030246	Monasticism	the establishment of communities called monasteries where monks could withdraw from the secular world to lead lives devoted to their religion (Christianity)	21
4414050996	Neo Confucianism	a movement that synthesized Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Developed during SONG dynasty but became dominant in MING dynasty. Important features: family structure (most important) and loyalty to government. Gained prominence in China, Korea, and Japan, and placed restrictions on merchant class.	22
4414074338	Sun Yat-sen	Father of modern China and founder of Revolutionary Alliance. Ousted the ruling Qing dynasty and formed the Nationalist Party in 1911 and 1912	23
4414078612	Goal of Nationalist Party	to create a representative democracy based on the People's Principles	24
4414081552	People's Principles	nationalism, democracy, and livelihood	25
4414083947	Mao Zedong	Five Year Plan	26
4414091123	Greatest role in European interest in South Africa	discovery of precious metal resources	27
4414094572	Japan's invasion of Manchuria	was condemned by the League of Nations, so Japan withdrew its membership in 1931	28
4414101725	Direct outcomes of Reconquista	Spanish invasion of northern Africa and southern Italy, sometimes-violent persecution of other religions, and creation of small, independent states within Spain	29
4414138093	Han China	merchants had less status than farmers and artisans because they produced no substantial products	30
4414198451	Roman society	had strict social class delineations and little mobility	31
4414200024	Islamic society	egalitarian with few barriers to social mobility	32
4414206063	Napoleon's downfall	His attempt to conquer Russia (Moscow) proved to be a fatal move as his troops were ultimately stranded in the Russian winter and were forced to retreat back to France where many were killed en route	33
4414215067	Muhammad Ali	became ruler of Egypt in 1805 after French were expelled from the country and power was taken from Ottomans. Best known for ushering Egypt into modern age through imperialism, industrialization, and by adopting Westen ideals. Egypt became more prosperous and independent, and he ruled until his death.	34
4414234850	Second Age of Islamic Conquest	Result of Crusades and other invasions that led to formation of new militaristic dynasties	35
4414240531	Benin	a kingdom in west Africa that reached its dominance in 15th and 16th centuries	36
4414243741	India	A private company had political authority (British East India Co)	37
4414248206	Japan World Wars	Was part of Allied powers during WWI, but Axis during WWII	38