Period 3 AP World History Flashcards

5872623546	arabesque	Complex designs typical of Islamic art, combining intertwining plants and geometric patterns	0
5872624072	astrolabe	A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	1
5872624073	Battle of Tours	The 732 battle that halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France	2
5872624074	caliph	The chief Muslim political and religious leader	3
5872625506	Dar al-Islam	The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of various Islamic groups	4
5872625507	Five Pillars	Faith, prayer almsgiving, fasting and pilgrimage	5
5872625508	Hadith	A collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad	6
5872625972	Haji	The pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who was not limited by health or financial reasons	7
5872625973	Harem	A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa or Asia	8
5872625982	Hijrah	The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina; the first year in the Muslim calendar	9
5872626659	jihad	Islamic holy war	10
5872626660	Ka'aba	Cube like structure housing a black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it later was incorporated in the Islamic faith	11
5872626661	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries	12
5872627238	Minaret	A tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	13
5872627239	mosque	The house of worship of followers of Islam	14
5872627240	Shariah	The body of law that governs Muslim society	15
5872627735	Shi'ite	The branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family	16
5872627736	Shia	Same as Shi'ite	17
5872627737	Sunni	The branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the largest branch of Islam	18
5872628380	Sufis	Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism	19
5872628381	Sultan	An Islamic ruler	20
5872628382	Umma	The community of Muslim believers	21
5872629333	zakat	A tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor: the third of the Pillars of Islam.	22
5872629334	Abacus	An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters	23
5872629905	bushi	Regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses	24
5872629906	bushido	code of Samurai	25
5872630632	celadon	Korean modification of Chinese porcelain with a pale green colour	26
5872630633	daimyo	a Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai	27
5872630634	flying money	letters of credit	28
5872630635	footbinding	practice in China (Song dynasty) of bind feet so they fit into small shoes	29
5872631350	Gempei Wars	series of conflicts placed peasants against the samurai, resulting in the destruction of the Japanese countryside	30
5872631351	Grand Canal	canal system in China	31
5872631352	junks	type of ships used by China during Tang and Song dynasty	32
5872631353	kowtow	A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court	33
5872631942	Neo-Confucianism	a movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Daoism and Buddhism.	34
5872633707	Samurai	warriors of feudal Japan, well trained	35
5872633708	Scholar-gentry	social walfare acts, maintained local law and order, assisted in tax collection, strong advocates of Confucianism	36
5872633709	Seppuku	disembowelment ceremony of suicide	37
5872633715	Serf	a peasant bound to the land he or she works	38
5872634224	Shinto	traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature	39
5872634225	Shogun	military leaders under the bakufu	40
5872634226	shogunate	the rule of the shoguns	41
5872634227	tea ceremony	an ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto	42
5872635057	tribute	the payment of tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples	43
6194778905	Benefice	Grant from a lord to a vassal, usually consisting of land, which supported the vassal and signified the relationship between the two	44
6194778906	Chivalry	Knight code of honour	45
6194778907	Excommunication	Church "death", you were not going to heaven	46
6194778908	Feudalism	he dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection	47
6194778909	Fief	an estate of land	48
6194778910	Gothic architecture	an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th centuries in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls	49
6194778911	Investiture	the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV	50
6194778912	Magna carta	1215, restrict rulers power (at least it was suppose to)	51
6194778913	Manorialism	System of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor for access to land.	52
6194778914	Medieval	referring to the middle ages period	53
6194778915	Middle Ages	The period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the fifteenth century	54
6194778916	Moldboard plow	A form of plow consisting of a plowshare (blade) and hitch attached to livestock.This plow also allowed for plowing while the ground was wet.	55
6194778917	Parliament	the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.	56
6194778918	Vassal	Members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	57
5872643420	Age grade	An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa, children within the age grade were given certain responsibilities and such	58
5872643422	Austronesian	A branch of languages originating in Oceania	59
5872645527	Bantu-speaking peoples	name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migration altered the society of su-Saharan Africa	60
5872645528	Black death	probs the same as Bubonic Plague, really sucked	61
5872646414	Caravel	A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish	62
5872646415	griots	storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories	63
5872647116	Hanseatic league	Confederation of merchant guilds and their towns	64
5872647117	kamikaze	the "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the thirteenth century	65
5872647118	Khan	leader of mongols	66
5872647119	Lateen sail	A triangular sail attached to a short mast	67
5872647120	Malay sailors	Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E. they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana	68
5872647784	Maori	A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800CE	69
5872647785	Middle kingdom	rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze River valley under the Zhou dynasty	70
5872648361	Mongol peace	Period from 1250 to 1350 in which the Mongols ensured the safety of Eurasian trael and trade	71
5872648362	Steppe diplomacy	the skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads, it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassination to accomplish goals	72
5872649047	stateless society	society based on kinship groups than of a central government	73
5872649048	Yuan dynasty	Mongol rule of China by Kublai Khan	74
5872657399	Syncretism	a blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions	75
5872659516	Anasazi	AKA the Ancestral Pueblo	76
5872659517	Inca	The ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast of South America; the term is also applied to the Quechua people as a whole	77
5872659518	Mexica	Name given to Aztec people by Aztec people	78
5872659519	Moundbuilders	The various American tribes who, in prehistoric and early historic times, erected the burial mounds and other earthworks of the Mississippi drainage basin and the southeastern U.S.	79
5872660124	Quencha	Andean society AKA the Incan	80
5872660125	Mita	a labour system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to the rulers and religion community	81
5872660126	ayllus	a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the rulers (Incan)	82
5872660127	calpulli	Aztec clans that supplied labour and warriors to leaders	83
5872661014	quipus	record keeping system of Incas	84
5872661621	Toltecs	empire in central Mexico, long distance trade, origin of Quetzalcoatl	85
5984655469	amitabha	rebirth (Pure Land Buddhism)	86
6194778919	Mawali	Non-Arab converts to Islam., In the Umayyad Era they still had to pay the Jizya.	87
6194778933	Wazir	Regional leaders	88
6194778934	Dhows	Muslim ships with lateen sails	89
6194778921	Kilwa	Swahili city state, powered by trade; Busiest, Coral buildings	90
6194778922	Iconoclasm	the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices	91
6194778923	Boyars	a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince	92
6194778924	Guilds	Associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, guaranteed good workmanship, discourage innovations; often established franchise within cities.	93
6194778925	Scholasticism	the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma	94
6194778926	Split inheritance	The idea that when rulers die, they keep that land in the afterlife but in real life the new ruler takes that land	95
6194778927	Jinshi	Title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office	96
6199570715	sinification	process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of Han Chinese state and society	97