AP World History Review Flashcards

6817491646	Neolithic Age	Period; 8000-3000 BC -Permanent agricultural villages emerged due to the domestication of plants and animals. -Due to the increase in population, new classes of artisans and warriors developed.	0
6817491647	Paleolithic Revolution	Period; Past-8000 BC -People lived in small groups that had economic and political activity. -Humans developed diverse and sophisticated tools such as fire in order to adapt to the environment.	1
6817491648	Buddhism	-Founded in Siddhartha Gautama in India -Was spread by nuns and monks who followed traders -Expressed the idea that suffering could end once a person excepted the Four Noble Truths	2
6817491649	Confucianism	-Founded by Confucius during the Zhou dynasty -Expressed the idea that one had their place in society, and that in order for society to function, people had to stick to their position	3
6817491651	Christianity	-Founded by Jesus Christ -Eventually separated into three branches; Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant	4
6817491652	Greece	500 BC-323 BC -Due to the geographic of Greece, it was divided into independent city-states -Alexander the Great was able to unite Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India -The people were polytheistic -Hellenistic culture was spread to areas which were conquered	5
6817491653	Rome	27 BC-476 AD -Began as a small city-state but grew to a large empire by conquering regions around the Mediterranean -Built roads in order to increase trade, therefore increasing the wealth of the empire -Collapsed due to foreign attacks and from internal conflicts like bad rulers.	6
6817491654	Gupta Dynasty	Period; 320 AD-550 AD -Founded by Sri Gupta in ancient India -Considered the golden age of India -Rulers expressed religious tolerance towards believers of Buddhism and Jainism	7
6817491655	Han Dynasty	Period; 206 BC-220 AD -Used the idea of civil service in order to employ government positions.	8
6817491656	Silk Road	Period; 120 BC-1450 AD -A long trade route that extended about 4,000 miles from China to the Mediterranean Sea.	9
6817491657	Hinduism	-Supported the idea of a caste system -Expressed the idea that one most reach salvation by doing good deeds -Originated on the subcontinent of India	10
6817491658	Byzantine Empire	Period; 500 AD-1453 AD -The eastern portion of the Roman Empire which survived after attacks by Germanic tribes -Preserved the culture of the Greeks and Romans -Influenced Russia by giving them the Eastern Orthodox Religion and Cyrillic alphabet	11
6817491659	Golden Age of Islam	700-1200 AD -After Muhammad died, Muslim armies conquered vast areas of land outside of the Arabian peninsula -During the reign of the Abbasid caliph	12
6817491660	Feudalism	-Kings gave land to nobles in order to gain their loyalty and military services -Created the idea that people with more land had more power	13
6817491661	Crusades	Military expeditions that began in the llth century. -They were organized by western European Christians in response to Muslim war expansion -The objective was to retake control of the Holy Land and stop the spread of Islam	14
6817491662	Golden Age of China	Period; 600s-1200s -Took place during the Tang and Song Dynasties -During this time China invented gunpowder which eventually spread to Europe -Buddhism became popular during this time	15
6817491663	Bantu Migration	500 BC-1500 AD -Largest migration of people in history -Bantu people had to scatter throughout southern Africa due to a shortage of land -Lead to the spread of Bantu language, iron technology, and agricultural techniques.	16
6817491664	The Mongols	-Increased the trade along the Silk Road by preventing violence along the trade routes -Taught Russia how to have a centralized government -Developed the tribute system which was when a conquered land was required to pay money	17
6817491665	Black Death	1347-1351 -The major disease that killed 25 million people in Europe during the Middle Ages -Spread from East Asia to Europe through the Silk Road. -Resulted in depopulation, decline in feudalism, and a decrease in trade.	18
6817491666	The Renaissance	1400-1600 -Considered the Golden Age of Western Europe -Scholars studied books and art from ancient Greece and Rome -Began in Italy because much of the wealth was used to support artist.	19
6817491667	Pre-Columbian Civilizations	300s-1500s -Created terrace farming and Campinas in order to increase agricultural yield. -Maya; Lived in the lowland region of Mesomerica -Aztec; Lived in Mesoamerica(America) -Inca; Lived in the Andes Mountains	20
6817491668	Mercantilism	-The idea that a colony only serves the purpose of providing profit for the mother nation -Spain and Portugal tightly controlled trade with their colonies in the Americas in order to make money.	21
6817491669	Absolut Monarchs	Peter the Great; Westernized Russia Louis XIV;Absolute monarch of France Philip II;Absolute monarch of Spain Henry VIII;Absolute monarch of England Suleiman the Magnificent;Absolute monarch of the Ottoman Empire	22
6817491670	Scientific Revolution	1500-1600 -Was the sudden change in how people viewed the world. -Resulted in the spread of new ideas in Europe which would led to the Enlightenment	23
6817491671	Political Revolutions	-The English Revolution/Glorious Revolution; People of England limited the power of the monarchs -French Revolution; People of France overthrew their king and fought for more rights. -Latin American Revolution; Latin American colonies fought to gain independence form Spain, Portugal, or France.	24
6817491672	Industrial Revolution	1700-1800 -Was the change in the production of goods by hand to the production of goods by machines in factories -Led to urbanization, bad working conditions, labor unions, and legislation. -Could be Laissez Faire Capitalism or Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles(capitalism)	25
6817491673	Imperialism	-Occurred when a strong country took over a weaker country. -Caused by the idea of Social Darwinism and the need for raw materials -Scramble for Africa	26
6817491674	World War I	1914-1918 -A global military conflict which was fought mainly in Europe -War arose due to militarism, alliances,imperialism, and nationalism. -Resulted in the Treaty of Versailles	27
6817491675	World War II	1939-1945 -Fought mainly in Europe and on the islands of the Pacific Ocean. -Appeasement caused war because it gave Hitler control of Czechoslovakia -Nuremberg Trials was a court case in which the surviving Nazis were put on trial	28
6817491676	Russian Revolution	1917 -The people of Russia overthrew their Czar -Citizens were unhappy because of the losses suffered in World War I and the way Nicholas II ruled -Resulted in Russia becoming a communist nation	29
6817491677	Cold War	1945-1991 -A struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union -Iron curtain was an imaginary line that divided the countries of western and eastern Europe -Containment was an attempt by the US to stop communism	30
6817491678	Chinese Communism	1949-Present -Became the second country after the Soviet Union to adopt communism -Mao Zedong gained support because he promised to provide land to peasants -Great Leap Forward -Cultural Revolution	31
6817491679	Decolonization	The period after World War II in which nations of Africa and Asia gained their independence.	32
6817491680	Dynastic Circle	-Prosperity -Nomadic raids -Conscription into army, increase taxes, warfare destroys fields -Peasant Revolt -Warring States, civil war -Famine/Disease -Natural Disaster, lost mandate of heaven -Dynasty falls, new leader emerges who is likely former warlord -Leaders give the poor land and find a way to feed them	33
6818908225	Ottoman Empire	Period; 1299-1922 -created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia -Covered most of southeastern Europe Europe as well as Anatolia.	34