ap Flashcards

6194172532	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.	0
6194178666	Agrarian	concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land	1
6194181265	Agribusiness	Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.	2
6194191216	Agricultural industrialization	The use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.	3
6194199407	Animal Domestication	Taming of animals for selling or using byproducts (the Fertile Crescent had cow, horses, pigs, and sheep, and therefore a comparative advantage over other early culture hearths).	4
6194202032	Aquaculture	The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions	5
6194246020	Biorevolution	The revolution of biotechnology and the use of it in societies, genetic engineering of plants and animals with the potential to greatly exceed the productivity improvements of the Green Revolution	6
6194257077	biotechnology	A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.	7
6194268424	climatic regions	Areas of the world with similar climatic characteristics	8
6194308228	intensive commercial agriculture	Refers specifically to the production of crops that give high yields and high market value per unit of land. These include fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, all of which are highly perishable, as well as some "factory farm" production of livestock	9
6194316542	Extensive Commercial Agriculture	It is a system of agriculture in which relatively small amounts of capital or labor investment are applied to relatively large areas of land. Grain and livestock ranching apply.	10
6194325276	Dairying	An agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, most commonly cows and goats, for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter.	11
6194331794	Crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.	12
6194334868	double cropping	harvesting twice a year from the same field	13
6194344169	primary economic activities	Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment- such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture.	14
6194359087	secondary economic activities	Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products: the manufacturing sector.	15
6194365660	tertiary economic activities	Economic activity associated with the provision of services - such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.	16
6194372616	quaternary economic activities	Service sector industries concerned with the collection processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.	17
6194380233	quinary economic activities	Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management)	18
6194389642	extensive subsistence agriculture	Consists of any agricultural economy in which the crops and/or animals are used nearly exclusively for local or family consumption on large areas of land and minimal labor input per acre	19
6194396845	shifting cultivation	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.	20
6194403584	nomadic herding	A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.	21
6194406310	feedlot	an area or building where livestock are fed and fattened up	22
6194413428	first agricultural revolution	Humans were able to stay in one place, grow their populations, and start to build communities. The ability to produce food without roaming for it increased the carrying capacity of Earth, which charted the path towards the development of civilization. The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society (also called the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution)	23
6194422265	gmo	GMO - foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.	24
6194424805	green revolution	Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.	25
6194435209	intensive subsistence agriculture	Intensive Subsistence Agriculture A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land	26
6194438840	livestock ranching	An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic ares typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.	27
6194447075	luxury crops	Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco	28
6194449201	market gardening	Market Gardening The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually.	29
6194456011	mediterranean agriculture	Mediterranean Agriculture An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.	30
6194459424	organic agriculture	Organic Agriculture The use of crop rotation, natural fertilizers such as manure, and biological pest control, as opposed to artificial fertilizers,pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, additives, and genetically modified organisms, to promote healthy vigorous crops.	31
6194464075	plant domestication	Plant Domestication Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention	32
6194466236	plantation agriculture	Plantation Agriculture Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives	33
6194471984	rural settlement	Sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities. Live in villages, hamlets on farms, or in other isolated houses. Typically have an agricultural character, with an economy based on logging, mining, petroleum, natural gas or tourism (ecotourism).	34
6194479304	dispersed		35
6194479305	nucleated		36
6194481558	village farms		37
6194481559	sauer		38
6194484237	second agricultural revolution		39
6194488022	survey patterns		40
6194488023	long lot		41
6194488099	metes and bounds		42
6194493034	township and range		43
6194494972	third agriculture revolution		44
6194494973	transhumance		45
6194494974	truck farm		46
6194499979	von thunen		47
6194502243	agricultural revolution		48
6194506044	cereal grain		49
6194506045	chaff		50
6194506046	combine		51
6194508834	commercial agriculture		52
6194517977	crop		53
6194517978	desertification		54
6194517979	crop		55
6194520368	luxury xrops		56
6194520369	desertification		57
6194522754	revolution		58
6194522755	organic culture		59
6194524937	green revolution		60
6194524938	feedlot		61
6194524968	nomadic herding		62
6194527864	livestock ranch		63
6194527865	luxury xrops		64
6194529708	nucleated		65
6194529709	sauer		66
6194529710	dispersed		67
6194532088	rural settlement		68
6194532089	plant domestication		69
6194532090	long lot		70
6194534129	metes and bohnds		71
6194534130	survey patterns		72
6194536582	village forms		73
6194536583	nucleatd		74
6194536584	plantation		75
6194538069	survey		76
6194538070	transhumance		77
6194539809	second agriculture		78
6194539810	township and range		79