Structure and function of large biological molecules Flashcards

5140216299	Monosaccharide	any of the class of sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.	0
5140216300	Nucleotide	Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.	1
5140216301	Amino acid	Organic molecule with both an amino group and carboxyl group	2
5140216302	Polymer	Long molecule of similar building blocks linked together by covalent bonds	3
5140216303	Monomer	the building block	4
5140216304	Relationship	Polymers are macromolecules made up of monomers	5
5140216305	Macromolecule	Large molecules formed by small units joining by dehydration	6
5140216307	Hydrolysis	Reverse of dehydration reaction. Bond between monomers is BROKEN by the addition of a water molecule.	7
5481814083	Dehydration reaction	Synthesis of a polymer (BUILDS UP a polymer). Removal of water molecule forms a longer polymer chain.	8
5140216308	Aldose	Molecule at END	9
5140216309	Ketose	Molecule in MIDDLE	10
5140216310	monosaccharide	monomer of carbs	11
5140216312	monosaccharide	fuel for metabolism	12
5140216313	polysaccharide	polymers of sugars; storage and structural	13
5140216314	starch	used by plants for sugar (STORAGE)	14
5140216315	Amylose	linear (STORAGE)	15
5140216316	Amylopectin	branched (STORAGE)	16
5140216317	Chitin	Used in exoskeleton Arthropods (Animal/Fungi) STRUCTURE	17
5140216318	Cellulose	Used in plant walls (Plants) STRUCTURE	18
5140216319	glycerol and fatty acids	monomer of lipids	19
5140216320	Glycerol and triglycerol	Fats of lipids are composed of	20
5140216321	non polar	one trait that all lipids share	21
5140216322	glycerol and triacylglycerol	lipids are made up of 2 molecules	22
5140216323	saturated	have maximum amount of of H (no double bonds) SOLID	23
5140216324	unsaturated	have double bonds LIQUID which create kinks (fish oil, plants, olive oil)	24
5140216325	phospholipid	major component of cell membrane	25
5140216326	hydrophobic	Is phospholipid tail hydrophilic or hydrophobic	26
5140216327	hydrophilic	Is phospholipid head hydrophilic or hydrophobic	27
5140216328	steroid	Function: chemical messenger in the body = hormones	28
5140216329	amino acid	monomer of protein	29
5140216330	polypeptide	polymer of proteins	30
5140216331	Amino acid structure (just look)		31
5140216332	Amino group carboxyl group and r group	What are the 3 important groups that can be found attached to the central carbon of an amino acids?	32
5140216333	There is difference in the R group	How do amino acids differ from each other	33
5140216334	20	???? how many possible amino acids are there that cellls can use	34
5140216335	The function of a protein is determined by its shape The shape of a protein is determined by its amino acids structure	how are protein structure and function related?	35
5140216336	Primary	Sequence - held by peptide bonds	36
5140216337	Secondary	alpha helix and beta sheets - held by hydrogen bonds	37
5140216338	Tertiary	held by hydrogen and iconic bonds between R groups	38
5140216339	Quaternary structure	made of 2 or more polypeptide chains	39
5140216340	Denaturation	loss of protein's native structure DENATURED PROTEINS ARE BIOLOGICALLY INACTIVE	40
5140216341	DNA (nucleic acid)	provides directions for its own replication, and for synthesis of messenger RNA	41
5140216342	RNA (nucleic acids)	provides direction for synthesis or proteins	42
5140216343	nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acid	43
5140216344	Polynucleotide	polymer of nucleic acid	44
5140216345	Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar and phosphate group	What are 3 important groups that can be found within a nucleotide	45
5140216346	DNA	contains deoxyribose	46
5140216347	RNA	contains ribose	47
5140216348	4 adenine guanine thymine, cytosine	how many nucleotides are there for DNA	48
5140216349	4 adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine	how many nucleotides are there for RNA	49
5140216350	DNA structure	2 polynucleotide strands	50
5140216351	RNA strucure	single stranded	51
5140244537	Disaccharide	Consists of two monosaccharides joined together by glycolsidic linkage.	52
5140248349	Glycosidic linkage	type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate	53
5481821911	Carbohydrate	Includes sugars and polymers of sugars.	54
5481825461	What is the simplest carbohydrate?	Monosaccharides (AKA simple sugars)	55
5140293949	Lipids	LARGE class of biological molecules	56
5140324114	catalysts	agent that speeds up chemical reactions	57
5140326384	Cholesterol	type of steroid. Crucial molecule for animal membranes	58
5481805004	Enzymes	a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.	59
5481807746	Catalyst	a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.	60