Development of Agriculture -- AP World History Flashcards

3385521910	Date of Neolithic Revolution	c8,000 BCE	0
3385522684	Why would the Neolithic Revolution be called the Neolithic transition?	It took hundreds / thousands of years to fully diffuse / be practiced	1
3385524913	Who first discovered agriculture?	Women	2
3385526011	The first method of farming	slash-and-burn agriculture	3
3385526388	Define slash-and-burn agriculture	Slashing bark and burning trees to ground	4
3385526834	Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture on soil	Initially very fertile soil, became infertile after a few years.	5
3385529595	Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture on spread of agriculture	Diffused agriculture as people had to migrate every so often due to infertile soil	6
3385530504	The second great discovery of the Neolithic Era	Animal breeding	7
3385531624	What two things allowed humans to be stationary	Breeding and farming	8
3385532291	What determined the crops being domesticated?	Climate and type of plants present	9
3385536851	Two examples of grains	Wheat and barley	10
3385537219	What was first cultivated in Mesopotamia	Grains: wheat and barley	11
3385538193	What was first cultivated in East Asia along the Yangzi River and Huang He rivers?	Rice and soybeans	12
3385539586	What was first cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa?	Yams and sorghum	13
3385540625	Sorghum		14
3385541376	What was first cultivated in Southeast Asia	taro and bananas	15
3385542282	What was first cultivated in the Americas	maize, beans, and potatoes	16
3385545402	Effects of agriculture in regards to population	Population growth at an exponential rate	17
3385546420	Population - 10,000 BCE	4 million	18
3385866023	Population - 5,000 BCE	5 million	19
3385866755	Population - 3,000 BCE	14 million	20
3385867735	Population - 2,000 BCE	27 million	21
3385868258	Population - 1,000 BCE	50 million	22
3385868845	Population - 500 BCE	100 million	23
3386715259	What enabled food surpluses?	Creation of permanent villages, tools.	24
3386715932	What did food surpluses enable?	Job specialization	25
3386717244	What enabled the creation of a wealthier class?	Land ownership	26
3386721623	What did Neolithic peoples study in regards to the changes of the season?	Sun, moon, and stars	27
3386723747	The main religious goal of neolithic peoples	Ensure fertility (land and people)	28
3386729404	What did religious beliefs capitalize on?	Life cycle of birth, growth, death, and regenerated life	29
3386733763	Three main craft industries	Pottery, metallurgy, and textiles	30
3386734004	Earliest metal used	Copper	31
3386735721	First functions of copper	Jewelry and simple tools	32
3386736552	What was copper the foundation of?	Bronze and iron	33
3386737408	Who created bronze? When?	Mesopotamian metalworkers in c3200 BCE	34
3386737932	Composition of bronze	Copper and tin	35
3386738557	Use of bronze	Agriculture and weaponry	36
3386764393	How common is copper?	Relatively common	37
3386765773	How common is tin?	Rare	38
3386768078	When were iron tools and weapons first developed?	c1300 BCE	39
3386769121	What happens when carbon is added to iron tools?	It becomes steel - much stronger, more durable	40
3386772655	Societal effects of iron	Metal became more affordable among lower class which resulted in changes of warfare and politics (in Greece particularly).	41
3386777516	Diffusion routes of metalworking	From Mesopotamia to Mediterranean, into Africa, and across Asia	42
3386784359	Origin of wheel	Unknown	43
3386785082	When was the wheel invented?	c3200 BCE	44
3386785660	Use of wheels among Sumerians	wheeled carts	45
3386787948	Describe rate of diffusion with wheeled carts	Very fast	46
3386788803	Why would wheels have no value in America?	Absence of draft animals	47
3386791684	Role of pastoralist people and diffusing technology and why did this happen?	Diffused such very quickly because they had contact with many farming communities	48
3386795418	Two examples of tech diffused by pastoralist peoples	Chariots and iron blades	49
3386796376	What did pastoral nomads depend on?	Their herd	50
3386797180	Where did pastoral nomads live?	Central Asian steppe and grasslands	51
3386798097	Describe conditions and relate them to Central Asian grass	Low rainfall but grass could live off of less water	52
3386798834	Why did pastoral nomadism dominate in steppe and grasslands?	Grass was more suited for grazing than farming	53
3386804211	What determined who would farm and who would be pastoral nomads?	Geography and climate	54
3386805407	How did pastoralist nomads respond to difficult interactions with communities?	Developed offensive and defensive fighting tactics	55
3386808399	What were the farmers after that the pastoralist nomads had?	Their animals - hence they got good at fighting	56
3386810748	What did heightened military ability cause overall among the pastoralist nomads?	Future focus on fighting tactics among not only pastoralist nomads but farmers too	57