AP World History - Chapter 12 Flashcards

3810572774	"age-set"	Among the Masai, a group of boys united by a common initiation ceremony, who then moved together through the various "age-grades," or ranks, of Masai life.	0
3810572775	Black Death	Name later given to the massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia beginning in 1331; it is usually regarded as an outbreak of bubonic plague.	1
3810572776	Chinggis Khan	Title meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols	2
3810572777	"fictive kinship"	Common form of tribal bonding in nomadic societies in which allies are designated and treated as blood relatives.	3
3810572778	Ghazan Khan	Il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia who ruled from 1295 to 1304; he is noted for his efforts to repair the Mongol damage to Persia.	4
3810572779	Hulegu Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan (ca. 1217-1265) who became the first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia.	5
3810572780	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol Empire.	6
3810572781	khagan	Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation.	7
3810572782	Khanbalik	The "city of the khan," founded as a new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China; now the city of Beijing.	8
3810572783	Khubilai Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan who ruled China from 1271 to 1294.	9
3810572784	Kipchak Khanate	Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde."	10
3810572785	Masai	Nomadic cattle-keeping people of what is now Kenya and Tanzania.	11
3810572786	Modun	Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r.210-174B.C.E.) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system.	12
3810572787	the Mongol world war	Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209.	13
3810572788	pastoralism	Way of life in which people depend on the herding of domesticated animals for their food.	14
3810572789	Temujin	Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan (1162-1227).	15
3810572790	Turks	Turkic speakers from Central Asia, originally nomads, who spread westward into the Near East and into India; they created a series of nomadic empires between 552 and 965 C.E. but had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there.	16
3810572791	Xiongnu	People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire in the third and second centuries B.C.E.	17
3810572792	Yuan dynasty	Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings."	18
3810574551	Bedouins	"Desert-Dwelling" Arabs that were common amongst the terrain of the Arabian Peninsula	19
3810576471	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler and merchant who served in the court of the Great Khan in the late 13th century	20
3810578888	Golden Horde	Also called the Kipchak Khanate; it was a Mongolian state near the Volga River along the Russian exterior between the mid 1200s to 1300s; its ranks consisted of a combination of Mongolian and Turkic soldiers	21
3810582672	Sultan	Noble title of Turkish leaders within the Seljuk (TURKIC) and later Ottoman Empires, which gradually replaced the older Turkic title of Kaghan	22
3810585080	Francesco Petrarch	Italian Renaissance scholar who wrote about the overall effects of the Black Death on European society, often called the "father of Italian Renaissance Humanism"	23
3810587819	pax Mongolica	The Mongol Peace; it refers to the stabilizing effects of the various Mongol conquests across the Eurasian regions during the height of the Mongolian Empire; solidified under the leadership of Khubilai Khan	24
3810594443	Berbers	North African traders, who were Islamic converts that utilized camel caravans to facilitate varying degrees of pastoralism and trade along the Saharan Desert	25
3810597413	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves of the old Abbasid Caliphate, who frequently clashed with Mongolian forces in and around the capital city of BAGHDAD in the 10th century	26