Immuonology Flashcards

3531325800	innate immunity	protect without prior exposure skim muscosal surface lysozyme, hostile acidity, cough Antimicrobial peptide Toll-like receptor phagocytosis complement mediated	0
3531362749	adaptive immunity	requires previous exposure	1
3531365058	TLR	detect Pamps	2
3531368231	PAMPS	LPS, flagellin, peptidoglycanm dsRNA	3
3531373275	antimicrobial peptides	(+) charge, in gut released by Paneth cells, pro proteins digested by trypsin to make mature protein (+) charge, allowing them to insert into the cytoplasmic membrane of pathogens and create a hole	4
3531381651	Phagocytosis	extravasation of phagocytes from capillaries to site of infection -endocytosis of bacterium, bacteria in phagosome -phagosome and lysosome fuse lysozyme digestive enzyme	5
3531410898	ROS affect	lipids, Fe-S cluster, Protein, DNA	6
3531413777	Complement mediate killing of bacteria	stimulated by LPS (bacterial) cascade of proteins result: cell lysis	7
3531419008	Accquired immunity: humoral immunity	pathogens release "antigens" proteins, polysacchar, lip recognized as fortein -antigens are recognized by binding to specific host receptors called antibodies or Igs	8
3531432612	Antibody	2 identical heavy chain, 2 light variable regions shared by N termini of chain -constant region -exist before infection	9
3531463760	5 diff constant regions	IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE	10
3531467714	IgM	pentameric, at early stages of immune response	11
3531470266	IgA	secreted in tears, GI tract, milk, secreted by Transcytosis	12
3531473379	Primary response	mostly IgM- weaker binding affinity but many binding sites	13
3531477370	Secondary exposure	usually IgG	14
3531481230	Antibody response	prior to infection, antibodies located on surface of B cells during infection, few B cells with useful antibodies divide and differentiate --> plasma cells: secrete large amount of IgM, IgG, IgA --> memory cells: ensure faster response during future infections -Macrophage capture antigen and put on outside -T helper cell (CD4 cell) evaluate antigen and if it is a threat, takes antigen to B cell and find the match -memory cells make response faster	15
3531512649	4 ways antibodies protect host	1) neutralization- impedes binding of pathogen to host membrane 2) agglutination- antibodies bind 2 or more antigens and results in large aggregates of antibodies and antigens that can be cleared from the body 3) antibody binding to surface of pathogen stimulates engulfment by phagocytosis 4) complement mediated lysis -complement cascade stim by antibodies bound to bacteria -result in pore formation in bacterial membrane	16
3531707974	Cell-mediated immune system	-antibodies are ineffective against intracellular pathogens -infected cells of any type can alert cytotoxic T cells they have been infected -antigens from within the infected cell are degraded to peptides -peptides bind to MHC proteins and present on cell surface -recognized by T cell receptor of cytotoxic T cell -cytotoxic T cells respond by releasing proteins that kill infected cell	17
3531741561	Natural active	antigens enter body and induces antibodies	18
3531749989	Natural passive	antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta (IgG) or from breastfeeding (IgA)	19
3531756437	Artificial active	vaccines body produces antibodies	20
3531767649	Artificial passive	preformed antibodies in immune system are injected	21
3531774376	Artificial Passive Immunity: Antitoxins	toxoid injected into animal or person ( toxin made harmless with formaldehyde) -protection is short lived -repeated doses give less protection, risk of introducing pathogens like HIV and Hep	22