AP World History Study Guide Flashcards

7648441512	Important Historical Figures:	Confucius, Laozi, Ashoka, Siddhaurtha Gautama, Sócrates, Alexander of Macedon, Chandra Gupta, Jesus of Nazareth	0
7648441513	Confucius	Chinese philosopher. love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, harmony in thought and conduct	1
7648441514	Laozi	The founder of daoism.	2
7648441515	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.	3
7648441516	Siddhartha Gautama	Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.	4
7648441517	Socrates	Athenian philosopher who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. He attracted young disciples from elite families but made enemies by revealing the ignorance and pretensions of others, culminating in his trial and execution by the Athenian state.	5
7648441518	Alexander of Macedon	Greek king; Caused for Persians to be conquered by Greek in a "sign of god"; was never happy with a lot of power, became kingly-god from conquests; got conquered by northern border Macedonia.	6
7648441519	Chandra Gupta	Founder of the Mauryan empire and unified the north and south states of India	7
7648441520	Jesus of Nazareth	a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity.	8
7648441521	Paternalism	the system, principle, or practice of managing or governing individuals, businesses, nations, etc.	9
7648441522	Interaction	Trade, Disease, Syncretism	10
7648441523	Trade	Besides silk, the Chinese also exported (sold) teas, salt, sugar, porcelain, and spices. Most of what was traded was expensive luxury goods. This was because it was a long trip and merchants didn't have a lot of room for goods. They imported, or bought, goods like cotton, ivory, wool, gold, and silver.	11
7648441524	Disease	The Bubonic Plague, also know as the Black Death, was a disease that mostly affected rodents. However, it could also affect Fleas, and they transmitted it to people.	12
7648441525	Syncretism	Combining beliefs of different religions	13
7648441526	Social Hierarchies	India, China	14
7648441527	India's Social Hierarchies	Initially a Hindu creation, castes (or varnas) concerned groups who were given a ranking according to their social standing and occupation. Originally, there were four Castes - Brahmins/priests, Kshatriyas/rulers, Vaishyas/merchants or farmers, and Shudras/artisans or servants.	15
7648441528	China's social Hierarchies	From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty (221 BC-AD 1840), the Chinese government divided Chinese people into four classes: landlord, peasant, craftsmen, and merchant. Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes, while merchant and craftsmen were collected into the two minor.	16
7648441529	Empires	Qin, Han, Rome, Mauryan, Gupta	17
7648441530	Qin Empire	the Chinese dynasty that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall	18
7648441531	Han Empire	learned from Qin mistakes, maintaining the centralized bureaucracy but using on Confucianism as a guiding philosophy.	19
7648441532	Roman Empire	Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.	20
7648441533	Mauryan Empire	(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.	21
7648441534	Gupta Empire	(320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta.	22
7648441535	Mandate of Heaven	is an ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly.	23
7648441536	Hammurabi's Code	first law code in the world, of Babylonia, dealt with legal contracts and responsibility for wrong doing	24
7648441537	Pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	25
7648441538	Neolithic Revolution	Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture	26
7648441539	Shang Dynasty	The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture.	27
7648441540	Harrapan	Archeological site in Punjab, Pakistan. One of the first major cities on the indus river	28
7648441541	Mohenjo Daro	One of the largest cities of the ancient indus valley civilization on the Indus river	29
7648441542	Buddhism	Created during time of peace; embrace suffering and deny wants and beliefs, no emphasis on higher being; ultimate goal is to find nirvana by ending suffering in current reincarnation life; extremely egalitarian, more accessible version of Hindusism	30
7648441543	Daoism	Created during time of peace; popular with peasants; opposition to Confucianism; polytheistic; focused on balance, nature, and spirituality; advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events	31
7648441544	Christianity	Only monotheistic belief besides from Islam and Judaism; Jesus is savior, son of one and only God	32
7648441545	Legalism	strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit.	33
7648441546	Judaism	Monotheistic; invalidated other Gods which led to constant persecution and exiled; Hebrews were the chosen people of God; influenced Christianity and Islam; no widespread hierarchal	34
7648441547	Fall of the Roman Empire	-civil war -poor harvests, gap between rich & poor -lack of patriotism -low funds for defense	35