Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 9 Muscles Flashcards

7682305142	Three types of muscle tissues	-skeletal muscle -cardiac muscle -smooth muscle	0
7682305143	Skeletal muscle	-usually attached to bone -voluntary -somatic -striated	1
7682305144	Cardiac muscle	-wall of heart -involuntary -autonomic -striated	2
7682305145	Smooth muscle	-walls of most viscera, blood vessels and skin -autonomic -not striated	3
7682305146	Fascia	surrounds each muscle	4
7682305147	Tendons	-extensions of the fascia beyond the muscle -attach muscle to bone	5
7682305148	Aponeuroses	-fibrous sheets -attach to bone or coverings of adjacent muscles	6
7682305149	Muscle coverings	-epimysium -perimysium -endomysium	7
7682305150	Epimysium	surrounds whole muscle	8
7682305151	Perimysium	surrounds fascicles within muscles	9
7682305152	Endomysium	surrounds muscle fibers (cells) within fascicle	10
7682305153	Muscle cell (fiber)	-formed from many undifferentiated cell -multinucleated muscle fiber	11
7682305154	Sarcolemma	muscle cell membrane	12
7682305155	Sarcoplasma	-cytoplasma -many nuclei -mitochondria -myofibrils	13
7682305156	Myofibrils	-play a major role in muscle contraction -composed of overlapping protein filaments -Produces striations -broken into sarcomeres	14
7682305157	Myosin	thick protein filament	15
7682305158	Actin	thin protein filament	16
7682305159	Functional unit of muscle contraction	sarcomeres	17
7682305160	myofilaments in myofibril	Striaition pattern made by arrangement of ______	18
7682305161	I band	thin	19
7682305162	A band	thick and thin	20
7682305163	H zone	thick	21
7682305164	Z line	or disc	22
7682305165	M line	Sarcomere	23
7682305166	Thick filaments	-myosin molecules -twisted protein strands called heads	24
7682305167	Thin filaments	-double strand of actin -troponin -tropomyosin	25
7682305168	Double strand of actin	each actin molecule has a binding site for the myosin head	26
7682305169	Troponin	attached to actin and to tropomyosin	27
7682305170	Tropomyosin	lie in grooves on the actin strand	28
7682305171	Sarcoplasmic reticulum	network of membranous channels that surround the myofibril	29
7682305172	Transverse T tublues	-invaginations of the SR that extend deep into the fiber -surrounded on either side by the cisternae	30
7682305173	Cisternae	Enlarged portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum	31
7682305174	Contraction	-movement within the myofibrils -the actin and myosin filaments slide past one another -shortening the sarcomeres -muscles fibers shortens	32
7682305175	Neurons	conduct action potentials (impluses) along axons to target organs	33
7682305176	Synapse	the connection site between axon and target	34
7682305177	neurotransmitters	Released at the synapse by the neuron	35
7682305178	Motor nerons	transmit impulses to effector	36
7682305179	Neuromuscluar Junction	site where an axon and muscle fiber meet (synapse)	37
7682305180	Neuromusclar Junction parts	-motor neuron -motor end plate -synaptic cleft -synaptic vesicles	38
7682305181	Motor end plate	special section of the sarcolemma	39
7682305182	Synaptic cleft	gap between the neuron and the muscle fiber	40
7682305183	Synaptic vesicles	-contain neurotransmitters -located at the end of the axon	41
7682305184	Stimulus for contaction	acetylcholine (ACh)	42
7682305185	synaptic vesicles	Nerve impulse causes release of ACh from _____	43
7682305186	motor end plate	ACh binds to ACh receptors on _______	44
7682305187	ACh generates a muscle impulse	muscle impulse eventually reaches the SR and the cisternae	45
7682305188	Acetylcholine (ACh)	-neurotransmitter -released when an action potential reaches the end of the axon -diffuses in the synaptic cleft	46
7682305189	ACh binds to ACh receptors on motor end plate	-generates an action potential on sarcolemma -action potential travels to the SR and the cisternae -causes Ca2+ to be releases into the fiber -Ca2+ stimulates the contraction	47
7682305190	Muscle impulses	cause SR to release calcium ions into the muscle fiber	48
7682305191	Calcium	binds to troponin to change its shape	49
7682305192	pulls	The troponin _____the tropomyosin off the binding sites	50
7682305193	Binding sites on actin are now exposed	myosin heads bind to actin, forming crossing-bridges	51
7682305194	Antagonist	contratcion causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover	52
7682305195	synergist	assist prime mover	53
7682305196	Agonist	primarily responsible for movement	54
7682305197	insertion	movable end	55
7682305198	origin	immovable end	56