AP World - Chapter 11 Flashcards

3361543134	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.	0
3361543135	Aztecs	The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that penetrated into the sedentary zone of the Mesoamerican plateau after the fall of the Toltecs; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco.	1
3361543136	Tenochtitlan	Founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power.	2
3361543137	Pipiltin	Nobility in Aztec society; formed by intermarriage of Aztecs with peoples tracing lineage back to the Toltecs.	3
3361543138	Tlacaelel	Advisor to Aztec rulers (1427-1480); had histories of Mexico rewritten; expanded cult of human sacrifice as effective means of political terror.	4
3361543139	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.	5
3361543140	Calpulli	Clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.	6
3361543141	Chinampas	Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs.	7
3361543142	Pochteca	Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.	8
3361543143	Inca socialism .	An interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole	9
3361543144	Twantinsuyu	Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastward into Bolivia and Argentina	10
3361543145	Inca	Group of clans (ayllu) centered at Cuzco; created an empire in the Andes during the 15th century; also title of the ruler.	11
3361543146	Pachacuti	Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of the Inca Empire.	12
3361543147	Topac Yupanqui	Inca ruler (1471-1493); extended his father's conquests; seized the northern coastal kingdom of Chimor and pushed into Equador	13
3361543148	Huayna Capac	Inca ruler (1493-1527); brought the empire to its greatest extent.	14
3361543149	Split inheritance	Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to the successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy.	15
3361543150	Temple of the Sun	Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.	16
3361543151	Curacas	Local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty.	17
3361543152	Tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.	18
3361543153	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential part of Inca control.	19
3361543154	Quipu	System of knotted strings used by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.	20
3361543155	Metates	Stone boards used for grinding corn by hand.	21
3361543156	Pochteca	Class of Aztec merchants that had hereditary status	22
3361543157	Yanas	Incan class of people who were removed from their ayllus and served permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or nobility.	23