AP English Language Summer Assignment Flashcards

6926091795	Analogy	Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.	0
6926104889	Context	The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.	1
6934519916	Argument	The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.	2
6934565750	Aristotelian Appeals	Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.	3
6934578206	Attitude	The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand	4
6934585210	Audience	Who the author is directing his or her message towards.	5
6934589596	Compare and Contrast	Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.	6
6934592977	Connotation	The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.	7
6934602017	Counterargument	The argument(s) against the author's position.	8
6934619042	deductive reasoning	A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.	9
7188429544	denotation	The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.	10
7188517840	diction	The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.	11
7188518351	ethos	Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy.	12
7188519776	evidence	The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position.	13
7188520218	figurative language	The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.	14
7188520531	genre	The specific type of work being presented.	15
7188523415	imagery	Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.	16
7188528867	implication	When something is suggested without being concretely stated.	17
7188529436	inductive reasoning	Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.	18
7188529842	irony	At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended.	19
7188532581	juxtaposition	Placing two very different things together for effect.	20
7188533688	logos	Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.	21
7188534176	occasion	The reason or moment for writing or speaking.	22
7188534875	organization	How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.	23
7188535392	pathos	An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.	24
7188536255	purpose	The author's persuasive intention.	25
7188536501	repetition	Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.	26
7188537048	rhetoric	The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.	27
7188537393	rhetorical triangle	The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.	28
7188539266	speaker	The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author.	29
7188539919	style	The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.	30
7188540320	symbolism	Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept.	31
7188540802	syntax	The way sentences are grammatically constructed.	32
7188541685	synthesis	Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.	33
7188543176	themes	Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.	34
7188543569	tone	The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject.	35
7188544030	voice	An author's unique sound. Similar to style.	36
7188544410	alliteration	Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.	37
7188544671	allusion	Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.	38
7188545008	anecdote	Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.	39
7188546003	concession	Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).	40
7188546417	didactic	A text with an instructive purpose, often moral.	41
7188547260	euphemism	Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly	42
7188548458	exemplification	Providing examples in service of a point.	43
7188548716	hyperbole	Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.	44
7188549262	idiom	A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.	45
7188550812	onomatopoeia	Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).	46
7188551562	paradox	A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).	47
7188552034	parallelism	Repeated structural elements in a sentence.	48
7188552604	parody	Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it.	49
7188552996	personification	Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.	50
7188556954	sarcasm	Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.	51
7188559925	satire	A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.	52
7188560401	synechdote	Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole.	53
7188560923	understatement	Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.	54