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Chapter 9-AP World History Flashcards

The Earth and It's Peoples

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5177495749Charlemagne742-814; King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through many military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy.0
5177495750MedievalPeriod between 500-1500 in Europe; between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance.1
5177495751Kievan RussiaState established at Kiev in Ukraine in 882 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Salvic farming population.2
5177495752Byzantine EmpireEastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantium" and early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital. Empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.3
5177495753SchismFormal split within a religious community.4
5177495754SerfAgricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to preform set services for the lord (medieval Europe). Russian serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861.5
5177495755FiefIn Medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service.6
5177495756VassalSworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord (medieval Europe).7
5177495757PapacyCentral administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.8
5177495758Holy Roman EmpireLoose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. (962-1806)9
5177495759Investiture ControversyDispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.10
5177495760MonasticismLiving in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. Prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in Medieval Europe.11
5177495761Crusades(1095-1204) Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.12
5177495762PilgrimageJourney to sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their fulfill vows. Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and early Chinese Buddhists to India.13
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