AP World History Chapter 6 Test Review Flashcards

5298380028	Islam	Submission to the will of Allah //A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah)// law written in the Quran.// Followers are called Muslims.//	0
5298380029	Allah	Islamic god (only god)	1
5298380030	Muslim	follower of the Islamic religion.//strict monotheists	2
5298380031	Muhammad	Arab prophet// founder of religion of Islam// Gabriel conveyed the word of god in the form of the Koran// Born in A.D. 570 // Died in A.D. 632	3
5298380032	Qur'an	The holy book containing Allah's revelations// // ca. 610 and his death in 632// the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	4
5298380033	bedouin	Arab nomads// camels// ruled by shaykhs	5
5298380034	shaykhs	leaders of the tribes and clans	6
5298380035	Mecca	holy city in western Arabia// birthplace of Muhammad// ritual center of the Islamic religion// Ka'ba	7
5298380036	Umayyad	(661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate// once persecuted muhammad	8
5298380037	Quraysh	Tribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in 7th century BCE// contained the umayyads	9
5298380038	Ka'ba	one of the most revered religious shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia	10
5298380039	Medina	The city of the prophet (Muhammed)	11
5298380040	Khadijah	the widow of a wealthy merchant// wife of Muhammad// first to hear about relevations	12
5298380041	Ali	Muhammad's son in law// caliph of shiite	13
5298380042	umma	the community of the faithful, transcended old tribal boundaries	14
5298380043	zakat	Purification adn growth //a tax for charity	15
5298380044	five pillars	- Decleration of faith (shahada) - Mandatory prayer 5 times a day (salat) - Charitable donations; Almsgiving (zakat) - Fasting during Ramadan (Sawm) - Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) //These must be performed to be considered an acceptable muslim	16
5298380045	Ramadan	Holy month of fasting// period of self- purification// no eating from sunrise to sunset	17
5298380046	hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca// must be done at least once in a muslims lifetime// if done, hajj can be added to thier name	18
5298380047	the caliph	the political and religious successor to Muhammad	19
5298380048	Abu Bakr	Muhammed's biffle //expands muslim faith//caliph from 632 to 634//	20
5298380049	Ridda Wars	Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632//resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans// restored unity of Islam and arabian tribes	21
5298380050	jihads	to stuggle physically and mentally// war waged for Allah// primary duty of all muslims	22
5298380051	Uthman	Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan// murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt// death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan	23
5298380052	Battle of Siffin	Fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads// Ali almost won, but lostafter accpeting a plea for meditation// settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party	24
5298380053	Mu'awiya	second caliph of Umayyad Dynasty, 660-680	25
5298380054	Sunnis	Political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads	26
5298380055	Shi'a	a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed// followers of his son-in-law Ali	27
5298380056	Karbala	site of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali (680)	28
5298380057	Damascus	the political center of community under the Umayyads// capitol	29
5298380058	mawali	Muslim converts	30
5298380059	jizya	head tax	31
5298380060	dhimmi	"people of the book"	32
5298380061	hadiths	traditions of the prophet	33
5298380062	Abbasid party	party that traced its decent from Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas// challengers of Umayyads	34
5298380063	Battle on the River Zab	Victory of Abbasids over Umayyads// resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital// slaughtered all umayyads//	35
5298380064	Baghdad	Abbasid capital//Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient// Persian capital of Ctesiphon	36
5298380065	wazir	chief administrator and head of the caliph's inner councils	37
5298380066	dhows	sailing vessels with lateen (triangular) sails// carried goods to be traded	38
5298380067	ayan	a wealthy and deeply entrenched landed elite// Abbasid// landlord	39
5298380068	mosque	place of worship for muslims	40
5298380069	hijra	Muhammad flees Mecca to Medina	41