AP Language Terms Flashcards

6481585770	Ad Hominem	A fallacy that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand	0
6481585771	Allegory	Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts	1
6481585772	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words	2
6481585773	Allusion	A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another place, idea, or person from history or literature	3
6481585774	Ambiguity	Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation	4
6481585775	Analogy	The correspondance or resemblance between two things that are essentially different	5
6481585776	Faulty Analogy	poorly devised, inaccurate or illogical comparison	6
6481585777	Anecdote	A short story used to illustrate a point the author is making	7
6481585778	Antecedent	Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun	8
6481585779	Antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses	9
6481585780	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	10
6481585781	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker	11
6481585782	Appositive	A word or phrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity	12
6481585783	Asyndeton	When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence	13
6481585784	Atmosphere (mood)	the emotional feeling of a place, scene, or event	14
6481585785	Bandwagon Appeals	A fallacy that urges people to follow the same path or accept the same idea based on popular behavior/opinion	15
6481585786	Begging the Question	A fallacy that assumes as true the very claim that is disputed; a form of circular reasoning that is divorced from reality	16
6481585787	Caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics	17
6481585788	Clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	18
6481585789	Coordination	joining one or more equal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a coordinating conjunction	19
6481585790	Contrast	explain differences in two or more items	20
6481585791	Colloquial Language	Slang or common language that is informal	21
6481585792	Connotation	the interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning	22
6481585793	Deductive Argument	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	23
6481585794	Denotation	The literal, dictionary defined meaning of a word	24
6481585795	Diction	An author's choice of words	25
6481585796	Dogmatism	A fallacy that asserts or assumes there is only one solution or direction to go	26
6481585797	Either-Or Choices	A fallacy that asserts there are only two choices, one positive and one negative	27
6481585798	Elegy	A work that expresses sorrow	28
6481585799	Ellipses	indicated by a series of three periods; shows that words have been omitted	29
6481585800	Equivocation	an argument that gives a lie an honest appearance; a half truth	30
6481585801	Ethos	Refers to the honesty, credibility, values, intentions and authority of the speaker	31
6481585802	Euphemism	A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea	32
6481585803	Exposition	Writing or speech that is organized to explain	33
6481585804	False Authority	A fallacy that offers the speaker/writer's authority as the sole reason for believing a claim	34
6481585805	Faulty Causality	in Latin "post hoc, ergo propter hoc". A fallacy that assumes one event/action causes another	35
6481585806	Figurative Language	All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison	36
6481585807	Footnotes	numbered references within a work that correspond to numbers at the bottom of the page	37
6481585808	Foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative	38
6481585809	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits (prose, poetry, drama) (fiction etc.)	39
6481585810	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy that assumes as true an inference derived from insuffcient evidence; a stereotype	40
6481585811	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis	41
6481585812	Imagery	A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations	42
6481585813	Inductive Argument	creating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence they provide	43
6481585814	Inference/infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented	44
6481585815	Invective (tirade, polemic)	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	45
6481585816	Irony	Contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true	46
6481585817	Verbal Irony	when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's meaning	47
6481585818	Situational Irony	when events turn out the opposite of what characters and readers expect	48
6481585819	Dramatic Irony	when facts or events are known by the audience but not the characters in work	49
6481585820	Juxtaposition	when two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison	50
6481585821	Logos	the use of hard evidence and logicial reasoning as a controlling principle in an argument	51
6481585822	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which two things are compared directly	52
6481585823	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	53
6481585824	Mood (atmosphere)	The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event	54
6481585825	Narrative	the telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events	55
6481585826	Non Sequitur	A fallacy that claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect or follow each other	56
6481585827	Onomatopoeia	an effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning; buzz, hiss, hum, crack	57
6481585828	Oxymoron	two contradictory words in one expression; jumbo shrimp	58
6481585829	Paradox	a seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth	59
6481585830	Parallelism	a literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structure	60
6481585831	Parenthetical Ideas	A short diversion from the main point of a work	61
6481585832	Parody	an effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work	62
6481585833	Pathos	A sympathetic appeal to pity or compassion used in an argument	63
6481585834	Persona	the character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text	64
6481585835	Personification	a figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities	65
6481585836	Point of View	the particular perspective from which a story is told	66
6481585837	Pun	a play on words	67
6481585838	Repetition	the reiteration of a word, phrase, image sound, etc. for emphasis	68
6481585839	Rhetoric	the art, style and logic of a written or spoken argument to persuade, to analyze, or to expose	69
6481585840	Rhetorical Strategy	the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose	70
6481585841	Rhetorical Devices	the specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy (diction, imagery, syntax)	71
6481585842	Rhetorical Question	a question that is asked for the sake of the argument	72
6481585843	Satire	to ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines while making a clear point (unlike parody)	73
6481585844	Scare Tactics	a fallacy that over-emphasizes possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood	74
6481585845	Selection of Detail	the specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative; details may be concrete or abstract	75
6481585846	Semantics	the branch of language that studies the meaning of words	76
6481585847	Declarative sentence	assertive- a statement	77
6481585848	Imperative sentence	authoritative- command	78
6481585849	Interrogative sentence	asks a question	79
6481585850	Exclamatory sentence	expresses emotion	80
6481585851	Simple Sentence	one subject and one verb	81
6481585852	Compound Sentence	more than one subject and/or verb (no dependent clauses)	82
6481585853	Complex Sentence	one independent and one or more dependent clauses	83
6481585854	Compound-Complex Sentence	two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses	84
6481585855	Loose (Cumulative) Sentence	subordinate structures after the main subject and verb	85
6481585856	Periodic (Climactic) Sentence	subordinate structures before the main subject and verb	86
6481585857	Convoluted sentence	subordinate structures between main subject and verb	87
6481585858	Sentimental Appeals	a fallacy that uses tender, heartwarming emotions excessively to distract readers from facts	88
6481585859	Simile	a figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as"	89
6481585860	Slippery Slope	a fallacy that portrays a small problem as tomorrow's slide into disaster	90
6481585861	Speaker	the narrator of a story, poem, or drama	91
6481585862	Straw man	a fallacy that attacks an argument that really isn't there or isn't the real issue at hand	92
6481585863	Subordination	joining two or more unequal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a subordinating conjunction	93
6481585864	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion	94
6481585865	Symbol	something that represents something else	95
6481585866	Synonym	a word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word	96
6481585867	Syntax	the way words are arranged in a sentence	97
6481585868	Tension	a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work	98
6481585869	Theme	the central idea	99
6481585870	Tone	Author's attitude	100
6481585871	Transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	101
6481585872	Understatement	when an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves	102