AP World History Final Exam Flashcards

5674179268	Explain the "peopling of the Earth."	During the Paleolithic Period of the stone age (100,000-15,000 years ago) humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Australia and the Americas. With help from an Ice Age which created huge land bridges connecting many parts of the northern hemisphere together, early humans migrated to the corners of the earth over many thousand years ago.	0
5674286524	What early innovations did hunter-forager groups discover? And how did they utilize them?	Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundras. Economic structures focused on small groups of hunter-gatherer/forager bands of humans. Many of these group members picked wild fruits, vegetables, and nuts (called foraging) while others hunted wild animals for meat. Though some of these groups were self-sufficient, some exchanged people, ideas ,and goods with other groups.	1
5674410803	What do archeologists and historians theorize led to the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution?	In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age about 10,000 years ago.	2
5674446343	What are the basic traits of an early agricultural group?	* settled into permanent structures in one place and lived in small family groups at first which grew into small villages * created a more reliable/abundant but not more diversified food supply then hunter-foragers domesticated animals for food and labor domesticated plants to grow and cultivate for food * did not create a system of less work then hunter-foragers * forced labor developed in many places giving some elite status over others * Agricultural communities had changed their environment needed for crop production, drastically affecting environmental diversity.	3
5674655816	What are the basic traits of an early pastoral group?	* domesticated animals to herd or to help them herd * Led their herds around vast grazing ranges (mostly grasslands) usually in parts of Afro-Eurasia * Created a more reliable/abundant but not more diversified food supply then hunter-foragers * Nomadic people who traveled and stayed for periods of time in certain grazing places with their herds but while living in temporary stuctures * Did not create a system of less work then hunter-foragers * Rarely accumalated large amounts of material possesions because of their mobility * Their mobility allowed them to become an important link of technological change between other mobile and sttled socities.	4
5674873255	locate the Mesopotamia on a world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization.	* located in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys( middle east/ fertile crescent)	5
5675017717	locate Egypt on a world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization.	* located in the Nile river valley ( northeast africa)	6
5675066189	locate Mohenjo-Dara & Harappa on the world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization.	* located in the Indus River valley ( Southern Asia/ India)	7
5675087866	locate Shang on the world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization.	* located in the Yellow River/ Huang He River valleys ( east Asia/ china)	8
5675134694	locate Olmecs on the world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization	* located in mesoamerica ( central america/ mexico)	9
5675188582	locate Chavin on the world map and identify key geographical features around the civilization	*located in Andeans Mountains ( South America)	10
5675202083	What generalizations can be made about early political/state structures in the core civilizations?	Powerful states emerged creating new systems of rule that politically changed things by mobilizing surplus labor and resources over large areas. Often times having a ruler with military support who was believed, by the people, to be divine or have divine support.	11
5675645932	What early civilizarions could be considered empires because of expansion?	* Mesopotamia ( which when mentioned includes: the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires) The Egyptian Empire The Hittite Empire	12
5675188496	What role did pastoralists play in transforming agarian civilizations?	Pastoralists were often developers and disseminators ( people who spread ideas) of new weapons and modes of transportation that transformed war in agarian ( agricultural) civilizations	13
5683316945	What are some specific examples of monumental architecture and urban planing from core civilizations and what was the importance of those structures to their civilization?	An example of monumental architecture was ziggurates- created in Mesopotamia they were huge stepped temples that had no internal chambers. They were, not only, used for religious purposes but also political and economic ones as well. They were controlled by priests but used by commoners as well. Example of urban planning was defensive walls- Early leaders organized the labor force to construct large walls around important urban areas. These were seen quite a bit in Mesopotamian civilizations because of the constant fear of attack by enemies and on-going warfare.	14
5683316946	Explain how and why legal codes developed.	As civilizations began to trade and elites wanted important information to be easily conveyed new systems of record keeping arose indepently in all early civilizations and were subsequently diffused. With the new forms of record keeping states developed legal codes	15
5683316947	Explain the 3 new examples of religious beliefs that emerged?	Vedic religion- Ancient indian people/Harappa. Historical predecessor to modern Hinduism. Its liturgy is reflected in the mantra portion of the 4 vedas, which are compiled in Sanskrit. The religious practices centered on a clergy administering rites. used fire rituals and chanting hymns through oral tradition. Hebrew Monotheism- Abraham is hailed as the first Hebrew and the father of the jewish people. As a reward for his act of faith in one God, he was promised that Isaac, his second son, would inherit the land of israel. This is known as the Abrahamic Covenant. Zoroastrianism- Found in the ancient Iranian area taught from the prophet Zoroaster in which the Creator and one true god, Ahura Mazda is all good, and no evil originates from him. Thus, in Zoroastrianism good and evil have distinct sources, with evil trying to destroy the creation of Mazda and good trying to sustain it	16
5683460971	Explain both the forms of writing/record keeping that emerged and explain 3 early forms of literary examples from early civilizations.	...	17
5683460972	What religious continuities existed between period 2 and period 1 and list important beliefs of those religions	Judaism- The Hebrew monotheistic religion ( which began well over 3, 000 years ago) that further developed with the codification of the Hebrew Scriptures (Talmud and The Torah) around 500-400 bce. Hinduism-the core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basisbof the Vedic religions which would later be called Hinduisim.	18
5684149909	What religious changes during period 2 as compared to period 1 and list important beliefs of those religions	Buddhism- from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and who's teachings were collected in writings called Sutras Confucianism- sought to promote social harmony Daoism- balance between humans and nature *Christianity- about the teachings of Jesus Nazareth	19
5684149910	What role did women play in Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity?	Both Christianity and Buddhism allowed for women to participate in the monastic life but that did not lead to any type of leadership role. Confucian thinkers believed that women should be subordinate to her father before marriage, her husband after marriage, and her son after her husbands death	20
5684149911	What 3 beliefs did people have in many areas were codified religions did not develop.	Shamanism- involves a person reaching altered states of consciousness in order to interact or incount er the spirit word. Animism- the belief that items in the natural world have a spirit. * Ancestor veneration- people believe that deceased people still possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living.	21