Genetics Glossary Flashcards

7227789101	Gamete	Contains half the number of chromosomes of a body cell	0
7227789102	Gametes	Sex Cells (Sperm or Ovule)	1
7227789103	Chromosome	Present in pairs in the nucleus of a cell - Carry the genes	2
7227789104	Gene	Present on a chromosome and determine the characteristics of an individual Small segment of a chromosome which codes a given trait	3
7227789105	Allele	Alternate forms of a gene	4
7227789106	Dominant	An allele which will always show up in an individual if present in a gene pair	5
7227789107	Recessive	An allele which will show up only if both chromosomes of the pair are carrying the allele	6
7227789108	Homozygous	Both alleles of the gene pair are the same	7
7227789109	Heterozygous	Both alleles of the gene pair are different	8
7227789110	Phenotype	The physical appearance of the characteristic	9
7227789111	Genotype	The alleles present in a gene pair	10
7227789112	Monohybrid Cross	A cross involving only one gene	11
7227789113	Autosome	Refers to all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes	12
7227789114	X and Y	Sex chromosomes	13
7227789115	BB	Homozygous dominant allele pair	14
7227789116	bb	Homozygous recessive allele pair	15
7227789117	Bb	Heterozygous allele pair	16
7227789118	Zygote	A cell produced by joining together an egg and a sperm	17
7227789119	Pure Breeding	Producing only offspring like the parents when mated with its own kind	18
7227789120	Pedigree Chart	Genetic history or family tree of an individual	19
7227789121	Human Karyotype	46 Chromosomes	20
7227789122	Homologous Pair	1 maternal chromosome and 1 paternal chromosome	21
7227789123	Paternal Chromosome	Chromosome from dad	22
7227789124	Maternal Chromosome	Chromosome from mum	23
7227789125	Homologous Chromosomes	Carry genes for the same trait	24
7227789126	Karyotype	Chromosomes organised in homologous pairs ordered from tallest to smallest with sex chromosomes at the end	25
7227789127	Sex Chromosomes	X and Y	26
7227789128	XX	Female	27
7227789129	XY	Male	28
7227789130	Abnormality	More or less than 2 chromosomes per homologous pair	29
7227789133	23	Number of chromosomes in human sex cells	30
7227789134	46	Number of chromosomes in human body cells	31
7227789135	DNA	What genes are made of	32
7227789136	Deoxyribonucleic Acid	What DNA stands for	33
7227789137	Cell Nucleus	Where the genetic code (chromosomes) is found in cells	34
7227789138	Genetic Code	Instructions for the growth and development of the entire organism	35
7227789140	Inherited	Determined by what we received from our parents	36
7227789141	Acquired	By action or the environment	37
7227789142	Trait	Feature whose appearance is determined by inheritance	38
7227789143	Variation	Difference in characteristics	39
7227789144	Continuous	Large range in values	40
7227789145	Discrete	Either/or values	41
7227789153	Characteristic	Feature of an organism	42
7227789154	Bell curve or Normal curve	Name given to the shape of a graph showing continuous variation	43
7227795487	Female on Pedigree Chart	Circle	44
7227795782	Male on Pedigree Chart	Square	45
7227796259	Breeding Pair on Pedigree Chart	Joined by a line	46