Anatomy & Physiology 101 Chapter 11 Neural Tissue Flashcards

4654318573	which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system	direct long-term function, such as growth	0
4654319199	the ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord	central	1
4654319343	the ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles	somatic	2
4654320304	the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to to the CNS is designated	afferent	3
4654320534	which of the following is NOT a function of the neuroglia	memory	4
4654322631	which of the following are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system	satellite cells	5
4654323102	the largest and most numerous glial cells in the CNS are the	astrocytes	6
4654323298	functions of the astrocytes include all of the following EXCEPT	conducting action potentials	7
4654323916	the myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by	oligodendrocytes	8
4654324534	___________ line the brain ventricles and spinal cord	ependymal cells	9
4654325311	small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the SNC are called	microglia	10
4654325988	the neurilemma of axons in the PNS is formed by	Schwann Cells	11
4654326197	glial cells that surround the neurons in a ganglia are	satellite cells	12
4654326557	which of the following is NOT a recognized structural classification for neurons	pseudopolar	13
4654326932	the most abundant class of neuron in the CNS is	multipolar	14
4654327358	the cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the	perikaryon	15
4654327540	the axon is connected to the soma at the	axon hillock	16
4654329312	braces that may occur along an axon are called	collaterals	17
4654329754	axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as	telodendria	18
4654330247	clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called	nissl bodies	19
4654330689	neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic	vesicles	20
4654331583	the site of intracellular communications between neurons is the	synapse	21
4654331835	the rabies virus travels to the CNS via	retrograde axoplasmic transport	22
4654332479	neurons that are rare, small and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called	anaxonic	23
4654333041	neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called	unipolar	24
4654333278	neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between are called	bipolar	25
4654333487	neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called	multipolar	26
4654334157	sensory neurons of the PNS are	unipolar	27
4654334509	which of the following activities or sensations in NOT motivated monitored by interoceptors	sight	28
4654336926	which of the following is NOT involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron	membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions	29
4654338749	which of the following interactions between electrical and chemical gradients does NOT lead to the the establishment of a neurons resting potential	electrical forces push sodium ions out of the cell	30
4654339867	at the normal resting potential of typical neuron, its Na-K ion exchange pump transports	3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions	31
4654342299	ion channels that are always open are called ___________ channels	leak	32
4654342300	opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes	depolarization; increased positive changed inside the membrane	33
4654342304	voltage-gated channels are present	in the membrane that covers axons	34
4654342739	the following are the main steps int he generation of an action potential	4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5	35
4654343328	the sodium-potassium ion exchange pump	moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients	36
4654346341	the all-or-none principle states that	all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials	37
4654347680	in the process of continuous action potential propagation	the action potential is triggered by graded depolarization of the initial segment; at threshold, sodium channels begin to open rapidly; local currents depolarize the region adjacent to the active zone; A B & C	38
4654352225	in the process of saltatory action potential regulations	the action potential is triggered by graded depolarization of the initial segment, at threshold, sodium channels begin to open rapidly, local currents depolarize to a sensitive spot distant from the active zone; A B D	39
4654355081	which of the following does not influence the time necessary for nerve impulse to be transmitted	whether or not the impulse begins the CNS	40
4654356260	which of the following types of nerve fibers possesses the fastest speed of impulse propogation	type A	41
4654696604	which of the following comparisons between neurons and muscles tissue is FALSE	action potentials are briefer in muscle fibers	42
4654697592	which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system	chemical	43
4654698213	the ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is	calcium	44
4654698687	Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter	acetylchoine	45
4654699724	the following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse	4,2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5	46
4654700423	adrenergic synapses realize the neurotransmitter	norepinephrine	47
4654701866	if the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,	synaptic transmission would fail	48
4654702378	the effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on	the frequency of neurotransmitter release, the nature of the neurotransmitter, the characteristics of the receptors, the quantity of neurotransmitters released, all of the above	49
4654703706	which of the following is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain	glutamate	50
4654704276	which of the following is NOT a possible drug effect on synaptic function	change the type of receptor found in the post synaptic membrane	51
4654705031	the site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the	axon hillock	52
4654705744	EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when	extra sodium ions center a cell	53
4654706470	IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)	are local hyperpolarizations	54
4654707126	when a second EPSP arrives as a single synapse before the effect of the first have disappear, what occurs	temporal summation	55
4654707746	summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses as multiple places on the neuron is	spatial summation	56
4654708235	after acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic know	reabsorbs the choline	57
4654709337	active neurons need ATP to support which of the following	movement of materials to the some by axoplasmic transport, synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules, movement of materials from the soma by axoplasmic transport, all of the above	58
4654712992	the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervate	skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, heart muscle cells, glandular cells, all of the above	59
4654713981	integral membrane proteins that connect electrical synapses are called	connexons	60
4654714551	the same ______ can have different effects depending on the properties of the ________	neurotransmitter; receptor	61
4654715506	deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma is called ____________ degeneration	Wallerian	62
4654715875	which of the following is a function of neuroglia	regulate the composition of interstitial fluid, provide a supportive framework, produce cerebrospinal fluid, act a phagocytes, all of the above	63
4654716836	the cytoskeleton of the perikaryon contains which of the following	neurofilaments, neurofibils neurotubules, A B C	64
4654718573	____________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons	anaxonic	65
4654719759	_____________ neurons are short, with a cell body between dendrite and axon, and occur in the special sense organs	bipolar	66
4654722067	the axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following	neurotbules, mitochondria, vesicles, neurofibrils, all of the above	67
4654722853	in a(n) ________ neuron, the dendrites and axon are continuous or fused	unipolar	68
4654723114	__________ neurons are the most common class in the CNS	multipolar	69
4654723389	__________ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS	sensory	70
4654724911	__________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS	Interneurons	71
4654725208	which of the following are types of neuroglia	ependymal cells, microglia, astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes, all of the above	72
4654726789	________ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system	Synapses	73
4654728404	ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways	through voltage-gatated channels as in the action potential, through passive or leak channels, by ATP-dependent ion pumps like the sodium-potassium exchange pump, through chemically gated channels, all of the above	74
4654729275	which of the following are properties of cerebrospinal fluid	surrounds the brain and spinal cord, fills the brain ventricles, transports nutrients, circulates continuously; all of the above	75
4654730894	the function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following	adjusting the composition of interstitial fluid, guiding neuron development, maintaining the flood-brain barrie, repairing the damaged neural tissue, all of the above	76
4654731775	the largest and most numbers neuroglia in the CNS are the	astrocytes	77
4654732372	the smallest neuroglia of the CNS are the	microglia	78
4654733134	raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have which effect	Depolarize it, decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential	79
4654735814	the equilibrium potential for potassium ion occurs at approximately	-90 mV	80
4654736113	ion channels that are always on are know as	active channels; voltage-gated channels	81
4654736773	___________ open and close binding to specific molecules	chemically gated channels	82
4654737465	_________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface	mechanically gated	83
4654738293	any stimulus that opens __________ ion channel will produce a graded potential	a voltage-gated, chemically gated, a sodium, a mechanically gated, all of the above	84
4654739909	type _________ fibers have the largest diameter axons	Type A	85
4654739910	sensory information from skeletal muscles travel over __________ fibers	type A	86
4654741997	which of the following statements about action potential is FALSE	the rapid depolarization phase is cause by the entry of potassium ions	87
4654743288	for which of the following functions do active neurons require a supply of ATP	syntheses and reuptake of neurotransmitters, axoplasmic transport, powering the sodium-potassium exchange pump, all of the above	88
4654744306	when pressure is applied to neural tissue, all these effects are possible EXCEPT	neurons are triggered to divide	89
4654745206	in the peripheral nervous system, schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by	forming a cellular cord that directs axonal growth	90
4654746062	voltage-gated channels have both an activation gate and a(n) __________ gate	inactivation	91
4654746678	most CNS neuron lack centrioles, this observation explains	why CNS neurons cannot regenerate	92
4654747723	each of the following is an example of neuroeffector junction EXCEPT the junction between a neuron and a(n)	nerve cell	93
4654748535	how does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron	the soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon	94
4654749260	many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because	the endothelium of CNS capillaries forms a blood-brain barrier	95
4654750091	extensive damage to ogliodendrocytes in the CNS could result in	loss of sensation and motor control	96
4654750437	damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the	formation of cerebrospinal fluid	97
4654751238	if the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases	the membrane potential will depolarize, inward movement of sodium ion will increase	98
4654751662	graded potentials	maybe be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization	99
4654752690	if the potassium permeability of a resting neuron increases above the resting permeability, what affect will this have on the transmembrane potential	the inside of the membrane will become more positive	100
4654753844	if the sodium-potassium pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function, all of the following occur EXCEPT	the intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase	101
4654754950	how would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage-regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate	it would last indefinitely	102
4655372684	in which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest	a myelinated fiber of -10um diameter	103
4655373263	which of the following is true about threshold for an action potential	it is more positive than the resting potential; voltage-gated sodium channels begin to open	104
4655373809	when cholinergic receptors are stimulated	sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron	105
4655374927	if the axon terminal of a motor neuron suddenly became permeable to calcium ion	the motor end plate will be depolarized	106
4655375267	presynaptic facilitation by serotonin is caused by	calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane remaining open longer	107
4655377038	after a stroke, what type of glial cell accumulates within the affected brain region	microglia	108
4655377458	puffer fish bucks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. what effect would this neurotoxin have on the function of neurons	the axon would be unable to generate action potentials	109
4655377709	opioids relieve pain by clocking the release of	substance p	110
4655378078	which of the following is a recognized class of opiod neuromodulators	endorphins, enkephalins, endomorphins, dynorphins, all of the above	111
4655380631	the structures labeled 1 are dendrites their membranes contain numerous chemically gate ion channels	both statements are true and relate to synaptic transmission	112
4655381235	the structure labeled 2 is a	soma	113
4655381443	which type of membrane channels are found at label 3	voltage-gates na+ channels AND voltage gated k+ channels	114
4655381844	which part of the neuron can conduct action potential	3 & 4	115
4655382177	identify the structure labeled 5	synaptic terminals	116
4655383162	which area of the graph shows when passive depolarization is occurring	1	117
4655383634	which area of the graph occurs when there is a sudden inrush of sodium ions	2	118
4655383948	which area of the graph shows when membrane potential approaches the potassium equilibrium potential	4	119
4655384246	which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow	3	120
4655384311	when is the neuron in the refractory period	4	121
4654342296	ion channels that are always open are called ___________ channels	leak	122