AP World History Chapter 2 Flashcards

4831222032	Civilization	Societies distinguished by reliance an sedentary sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites.	0
4831260447	Mesopotamia	Between the rivers. Civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	1
4840122122	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia c.4000 B.C.E to create first civilization in the region	2
4840122123	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets	3
4840122124	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes	4
4840122125	City-State	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations ; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban based king	5
4840122126	Babylonians	Unified all of Mesopotamia c.1800 B.C.E. Empire collapsed due to foreign invasion	6
4840122127	Hammurabi	The most important ruler of the Babylonians empire; responsible for codification of law	7
4840122128	Pharaoh	Title of kings in ancient Egypt	8
4840122129	Pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites fir pharaohs.	9
4840122130	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c.1000 B.C.E; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	10
4840122131	Indus River	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian sea; location of Harappan civilization	11
4840122132	Harappa	Major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on a planned grid pattern	12
4840122133	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic pastoralist who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society	13
4840122134	Vedas	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century	14
4840122135	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries. Previously handed down in oral form	15
4840122136	Ramayana	One of the great classical tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife Sita.	16
4840122137	Upanishads	Later books of the Vedas. Contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority	17
4840122138	Yellow river	Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China	18
4840122139	Ideographs	Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	19
4840122140	Shang	First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists.	20
4840122141	Olmecs	People who arise at San Lorenzo and La Venta c.1200 B.C.E. Featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems	21
4840122142	Chavin de Huantar	Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 B.C.E. Typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings	22
4840122143	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	23
4840122144	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god	24