AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

5780173678	Sima Qian	a historian who wrote about the development of early imperial China and was later castrated by the emperor.	0
5780173679	Period of the Warring States	the Zhou Dynasty was split into 8 states who had frequent wars with each other.	1
5780173680	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism	schools of thought that emerged during a centuries of chaos and confusion.	2
5780173681	Kong Fuzi (aka Confucius)	first Chinese thinker who addressed the problem of political and social order in a straight-forward and conscious way. He was also an educator and political advisor.	3
5780173682	Analects	Book of Confucius's sayings and teaching	4
5780173683	Junzi	"superior individuals" who took a broad view of public affairs and did not allow personal interests to influence their judgements	5
5780173684	Confucian values	ren, li, xiao	6
5780173685	Ren	attitude of kindness and benevolence or a sense of humanity.	7
5780173686	Li	a sense of propriety; treat others with respect	8
5780173687	Xiao	filial piety; high significance of family	9
5780173688	Main thoughts of Confucius	cultivate personal morality and junzi for bringing order to China	10
5780173689	Mencius	principle spokesman for Confucian school; emphasized ren; believed in a more peaceful government	11
5780173690	Xunzi	disciple of Confucius; believed humans were selfish and should face harsh, social discipline.	12
5780173691	Laozi	founder of Daoism	13
5780173692	dao	"the way" or "the way of nature"	14
5780173693	Daoism	believed in introspection and live in harmony with nature	15
5780173694	Wuwei	(main virtue) disengagement from the political world; individuals should act selflessly and live simply	16
5780173695	Daodejing and Zhuangzi	main books of Daoist beliefs	17
5780173696	Legalism	believed in devoting their attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	18
5780173697	Shang Yang	chief minister of Qin and Legalist writer	19
5780173698	Han Feizi	an advidor who synthesized Legalist ideas in essays	20
5780173699	Legalist Doctrines	- state's strength was in military and agriculture - imposed a strict legal regimen so people feared to commit crimes. -had harsh penalties - everyone should look after one another	21
5780173700	Qin Dynasty	- adopted Legalist values - encouraged agriculture - built a powerful army	22
5780173701	QIn Shihuangdi	first emperor; he established centralized imperial rule; burned books against him and buried scholars that criticized him; expanded the great wall of China;	23
5780173702	Shihuangdi's Tomb	underground palace lined with bronze and protected by traps and crossbows; ceilings showed paintings of stars and planets, and a map of the emperor's realm; was buried with thousands of life size terra cotta soldiers.	24
5780173703	Fall of Qin Dynasty	revolts began after Shihuangdi's death, and rebels overwhelmed the court by slaughtering officials and burning down buildings.	25
5780173704	Liu Bang	restored order throughout China and established himself at the head of a new dynasty.	26
5780173705	Early Han Policies	-Sought a middle way between Zhou decentralization and Qin overcentralization	27
5780173706	Han Wudi	"Martial Emperor", increased taxes to fund public works; relied on Legalist principles; implemented many imperial universities	28
5780173707	What two policies did Han Wudi want to achieve?	administrative centralization and imperial expansion	29
5780173708	Han Centrelization	- Built an enormous bureaucracy to rule the empire - Continued to build roads and canals - Levied taxes on agriculture, trade, and craft industries - Imperial monopolies on production of iron and salt - Established Confucian educational system for training bureaucrats	30
5780173709	Han Imperial Expansion	Invaded and colonized northern Vietnam and Korea.	31
5780173710	Modu	most successful leader of the Xiongnu	32
5780173711	Why did China (Han Dynasty) experience social and economic problems?	land became concentrated in the hands of a small, wealthy elite class	33
5780173712	What did the book "Classic of Filial Piety" teach?	children should obey and honor their parents as well as other superiors and political authorities.	34
5780173713	Ban Zhao	famous woman scholar in Chinese history; believed that girls should be educated as well as boys	35
5780173714	Iron metallurgy	used for domestic and military purposes	36
5780173715	sericulture	the manufacture of silk	37
5780173716	Why did the Chinese invent paper?	it was less expensive than silk, and easier to write on than bamboo.	38
5780173717	Wang Mang	"socialist emperor"; limited land distribution which later lead to his death.	39
5780173718	Yellow turban uprising	rebels who wore yellow turbans	40
5780173719	Fall of Han dyansty	revolts and violence weakened the government.	41