Ap Biology Chapter 8 Flashcards

5470375207	Metabolism	The totality of an organism's chemical reactions	0
5470377689	Metabolic pathways	Begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product	1
5470382749	Catabolic pathways	Release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds (exergonic and products have less energy than reactants)	2
5470389761	Anabolic pathways	Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones (proteins from amino acids, products have more energy than the reactants, endergonic)	3
5470400657	Bioenergetics	The study of how organisms manage their energy resources	4
5470402932	Energy	The capacity to cause change	5
5470404512	Kinetic energy	Energy associated with motion	6
5470410835	Heat (thermal energy)	Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules	7
5470414946	Potential energy	Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure	8
5470419178	Chemical energy	Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction	9
5470422915	Thermodynamics	The study of energy transformations	10
5470427170	Open systems	The type system that humans are	11
5470431483	First law of thermodynamics	The energy of the universe is constant	12
5470433113	Second law of thermodynamics	Energy transfer or transformation increases entropy(disorder)	13
5470439111	Entropy	The universe prefers	14
5470443031	Heat	The way that energy is released from the ecosystem	15
5470445401	Light	The way that energy enters an ecosystem	16
5470449630	Free energy	Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell	17
5470456494	∆G=∆H-T∆S	Gibb's free energy equation	18
5470465192	Exergonic reactions	Reactions that proceed with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous	19
5470469531	Endergonic reactions	Reactions that absorb free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous	20
5470475244	ATP	Ribo (sugar)+Adenine (a nitrogenous base)+3 phosphate groups	21
5470481734	Substrate	The reactant that an enzyme acts on	22
5470488140	Enzyme substrate complex	The enzyme binds to its substrate	23
5470489578	Active site	The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds	24
5470492323	Induced fit	A substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction	25
5470501003	Catalyst	A chemical agent that speed up a reaction with being consumed by the reaction	26
5470505063	Cofactors	Non protein enzymes	27
5470507343	Coenzymes	An organic cofactor(vitamins)	28
5470513249	Competitive inhibitors	Bind to the active site of an enzyme competing with the substrate	29
5470518780	Noncompetitive inhibitors	Bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective	30
5470526398	Allosteric regulation	May either inhibit or stimulate an enzymes's activity	31
5470529372	Cooperativity	A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity	32
5470534970	Feedback inhibition	The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway	33