AP Chapter 18 World History Flashcards

4459244569	What percentage of the Russian population remained rural in the 18th century?	95%	0
4459244570	When did Russian serfdom become hereditary?	1649	1
4459244571	Which of the following statements concerning the political voice of the Russian nobility is most accurate?	The politics of the Russian nobility were expressed through service in the tsarist state and the preeminent power they wielded over the peasant serfs.	2
4459244572	What was the relationship between Catherine the Great's government and local administration?	The tsarist government combined a real monopoly of formal politics by a central administration, but had little power over the noble-owned estates.	3
4459244573	A substantial merchant class in Russia during the 18th century	failed to develop.	4
4459244574	What was the limitation of Peter the Great's policies of cultural Westernization?	Westernization was limited to the elite.	5
4459244575	Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible	wished to confirm tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of boyars.	6
4459244576	Which of the following was NOT a form of contact with the West during the reigns of the Ivans?	Military alliances were signed with Spain and Portugal.	7
4459272246	Following the death of Ivan IV, Russian boyars attempted to limit tsarist autocracy and gain governing rights for themselves during the	Time of Troubles	8
4459272247	Peasants recruited to migrate to newly-seized lands in the Russian empire were called	Cossacks	9
4459272248	Much of the territory added to the Russian empire during the 17th and 18th centuries was	Asian	10
4459272249	Why did the Russian expansion policy focus particularly on central Asia?	The Russians were motivated by a desire to push the former Mongol overlords farther back to prevent renewed invasion.	11
4459508221	The development of coercive labor systems in eastern Europe was indicative of	eastern Europe's growing economic subordination to the West.	12
4459508222	What tsar was responsible for the abolition of the assemblies of the nobles and reform of the Orthodox church?	Alexis	13
4459508223	What sea became critical in the development of Russian power during the reign of Peter the Great?	Baltic	14
4459508224	Compared to Western governments, how great a role did the Russian government play in economic development?	Because of the absence of a merchant class, the Russian government played a greater role than was common in Western states.	15
4459508225	Politically, what aspects of Western culture did Peter the Great emulate in Russia?	Royal control over the bureaucracy and reorganized military	16
4459508226	What was one of the primary limitations on the expansion of the agricultural economy?	Lack of technological improvement	17
4459508227	Eastern Europe shared with Russia all of the following characteristics EXCEPT	The development of empire	18
4459508228	What was the state of the Russian economy immediately after the expulsion of the Mongols in the 15th century?	Russia had become a more purely agricultural economy, dependent on peasant labor.	19
4459508229	All of the following countries participated in the successive partitions of Poland EXCEPT	Hungary	20
4459508230	What political center served as the focal point for the Russian liberation from the Mongols?	Duchy of Moscow	21
4459508231	Following the death of Peter the Great, the next powerful ruler of Russia was	Catherine the Great	22
4459508232	What was Catherine the Great's attitude toward the program of Westernization?	Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French Enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom.	23
4459508233	The Russian radical and nobleman who, inspired by the philosophies of the West, urged the abolition of serfdom during the reign of Catherine the Great was	Radishev	24
4459508234	Ivan the Great declared that the Russian empire was the successor to which great empire?	Rome	25
4459508235	Peter the Great established a new capital for Russia at	St. Petersburg	26
4459508236	What eastern European nation declined most dramatically after 1500?	Poland	27
4459508237	Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of Tsar Michael?	Updating practices in the Orthodox Curch	28
4459508238	How did the Polish government differ from the Russian model after 1600?	The central government was powerless	29
4459508239	Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox church and who were exiled to Siberia for their conservatism were called	Old Believers	30
4459508240	Which of the following was NOT one of Peter the Great's political reforms?	Reduction of taxes an the peasantry	31
4459508241	In what way did Peter the Great shift the foreign policy interests of Russia?	Peter's wars with the Ottoman Empire and Sweden indicated a westward shift in Russian expansion.	32
4459508242	What government did Ivan the Great claim to have succeeded as the "third Rome"?	The Byzantine Empire	33
4459508243	What family was selected in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in Russia?	Romanov	34
4459508244	Who led the Russian peasant rebellion of the 1770s?	Pugachev	35
4459508245	Which of the following areas was NOT colonized or claimed by the Russian empire during the reign of Catherine the Great?	Greece	36
4459508246	Under what Russian ruler was a large part of Russia freed from Mongol control in the 15th century?	Ivan III	37
4459508247	What was the purpose of Peter the Great's policy of economic development?	To avoid the need of importing military armaments	38
4459508248	Where was Peter the Great's program of economic development concentrated?	Mining and metallurgical industries	39
4459508249	What was one of the primary differences between the social organization of the West and Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries?	Russia saw a progressive intensification of serfdom while the West was relaxing this institution in favor of other labor systems.	40
4459508250	Which of the following is NOT indicative of Russia's growing economic dependence on the West during the 18th century?	Self-sufficiency in metal and weapons	41
4459508251	What was the impact of early Russian expansion on central Asia?	Independent central Asia, the source of nomadic cultures and invasion forces, was eliminated	42