Iron Deficiency Anemia/ Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia: Flashcards

6065219660	Pathophysiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia :	- Most common world-wide - Caused by decreased production of RBCs	0
6065228691	Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia?	- Blood Loss - Poor GI Absorption of Iron - Inadequate Diet	1
6065241467	What are RBCs like in a person with Iron Deficiency Anemia?	RBCs are microlytic (Small)	2
6065244632	S&S of Iron Deficiency Anemia:	- Weakness - Pallor - Fatigue - Reduced Exercise Tolerance - Fissures on corners of mouth - Serrum Ferritin (tests amount of free iron in plasma) is low or < 10ng/mL	3
6065275330	Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia:	- Increasing oral intake of iron from food (Red meat, Organ meat, Egg yolks, Kidney beans, Leafy Greens, & Raisins) - If iron losses are mild, oral iron supplements used such as ferrous sulfate	4
6065293930	When should iron supplements be taken?	Between meals for better absorption and to reduce GI distress	5
6065301378	What is the treatment for severe iron deficiency anemia?	Iron solutions such as Iron Dextran (Dexferrum) can be given parenterally	6
6065313619	Pathophysiology of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia:	- Caused by decreased production of RBCs - Failure to activate the enzyme that moves folic acid into precursor RBC so that cell division and growth into functional RBCs can occur - Known as megaloblastic anemia	7
6065336667	What are RBCs like in a person with Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia?	RBCs are Macrolytic (Big)	8
6065352011	Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia?	- Vegan Diets or Diets lacking dairy - Small Bowel Resection - Chronic Diarrhea - Diverticula - Tapeworm - Overgrowth of Intestinal Bacteria	9
6065370922	How does anemia resulting from failure of vitamin B12 occur?	Caused by deficiency of intrinsic factor (a substance normally secreted by gastric mucosa) which is needed fo rintestinal absorption of B12	10
6065384135	S&S of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia:	- Pallor - Jaundice - Glossitis (Smooth, Beefy-Red Tongue) - Fatigue - Weight Loss - May have abnormal sensations in hands and feet As well as poor balance	11
6065390187	Glossitis	Smooth, Beefy-Red Tongue	12
6065419483	Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency when diet is the problem:	Increase food intake rich in vitamin B12: - Animal Proteins - Eggs - Fish - Nuts - Dairy - Dried Beans - Citrus - Leafy Greens	13
6065445433	What is pernicious Anemia?	Decrease in RBCs that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 - A type of B12 Deficiency anemia	14
6065439426	What do they do with patients who have pernicious anemia?	Usually given B12 injections weekly at first and then monthly for the rest of their lives	15
6065461778	Pathophysiology of Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia:	- Caused by Decreased Production of RBCs - Manifestations similar to vitamin B12 deficiency except for nervous system functions normally - Develops slowly	16
6066260933	Common Causes of Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia:	- Poor Nutrition (Diet lacking leafy greens, liver, yeast, citrus, dried beans, & nuts) ^ Most common cause - Malabsorption (Crohn's Disease) ^ Second most common cause - Drugs (Anticonvulsants/ Oral Contraceptives) Contribute tp folic acid deficiency and anemia	17
6066303676	Prevention for Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Begins by:	- Identifying high-risk patients such as older patients with alcoholism; - Patients at risk for malnutrition - Patient with increased folic acid requirements - Managed with	18
6066323171	How is folic acid deficiency anemia managed?	managed with scheduled folic acid replacement therapy	19
6066450886	Pathophysiology of Aplastic Anemia:	- Caused by Decreased Production of RBCs - Deficiency of circulating RBCs because failure of the bone marrow to produce cells - May follow a viral infection - Most common hereditary form od the disease is known as "Fanconi's Anemia"	20
6066457662	Common Causes of Aplastic Anemia:	- Injury to the immature precursor cell for the RBC - Can occur with leukopenia & Thrombocytopenia - Onset is slow or rapid	21
6066477725	What is the most common type of Aplastic Anemia?	- Long-term exposure to toxic agents, drugs, ionizing radiation, or infection - Oftentimes the cause is unknown	22
6066506322	S&S of Aplastic Anemia:	- CBC shows macrocytic anemia, leukopenia, &t thrombocytopenia - Bone marrow biopsy may show replacement of cell-forming marrow with fat - Infection is common	23
6066536250	Are blood transfusions commonly used with Aplastic Anemia?	Blood transfusions are used only when the anemia causes disability or when bleeding is life-threatening due to low platelet count * Unnecessary transfusion increases chances of developing immune reactions to platelets and shorts the lifespan of the transfused cell	24
6066598439	What is the most successful treatment for patients with aplastic anemia?	- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with donor cells is the most successful method of treatment - Cost, availability, & complications limit this treatment	25
6066755727	Does immunosuppressive therapy help patients with aplastic anemia?	- Helps significantly with patients who have the type of aplastic anemia where a disease course is similar to that of autoimmune problems - Drugs such as prednisone, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), & Cyclosporine A (Sandimmune) have resulted in partial or complete remissions	26
6066937854	What drugs do they use for moderate aplastic anemia?	Daclizumab (Zenapax- Improved both blood counts & transfusion requirements	27
6066949225	Why would a splenectomy be needed in a patient with aplastic anemia?	May be needed if the enlarged spleen is destroying normal RBCs or suppressing their development	28
6066966994	For those with aplastic anemia that cannot undergo treatment or find a suitable donor what is the next best therapy?	Immunosuppressive therapy	29