AP World History World Religions Flashcards

4759368138	What is the origin of agriculture known as?	the Neolithic Revolution	0
4759370571	Around the world, humans developed organized __________ to provide clarity for the world they lived in.	religion	1
4759372756	The majority of people around the globe worshipped a _________ of deities; a religious system known as polytheism.	multitude	2
4759374603	These deities could take on both _________ and ___________ form. In polytheistic cultures, these deities were represented through ________ and _________.	-male and female -statues and idols	3
4759377396	In most of these societies, there existed one _____________ god and many lesser gods.	supreme	4
4759378169	In ancient Egypt, the all powerful god was _____ who had lesser gods at his side.	Ra	5
4759380083	Early people believed that one god shouldn't ______________________________________.	be responsible for doing everything	6
4759381022	What was Ra the god of?	the sun	7
4759382103	There were other important aspects in life that have to be accounted for as well, such as ________.	love	8
4759383245	God are formed of different aspects in life including natural forces, objects, vegetation, animals, love, agriculture, healing, and ________.	war	9
4759385255	The belief that natural forces and objects possess souls which are controlled by the gods is known as _____________. Polytheistic faiths shared this distinction.	animism	10
4759387931	One of the oldest religions in the world, Hinduism has no ___________ or central authority figure. The religion developed in South Asia (the _________________ subcontinent)	-founder -Indian	11
4759472737	Because it has no central figure, it is impossible to date how old the faith is, but it is certainly one of the ______________ in the world.	oldest	12
4759477372	In reality, the faith is a combination of local deities of the ______________ inhabitants of India, known as the Dravidians, and invading _______________ conquerors.	-original -Aryan	13
4759479815	The faith has _____________ of gods and goddesses and is extremely flexible. The lack of any authority figure or legal system makes the religion open to much __________.	-millions -change	14
4759483619	A common thread among all Hindus is belief in a Supreme Being (______________) and adherence to certain concepts such as Truth, dharma, karma, and reincarnation.	Brahman	15
4759486103	Most of the core principles of the faith can be found in religious texts known as the _______________ (sacred scriptures). Yet, even the interpretation of the Vedas may vary greatly.	Vedas	16
4759491579	As the Aryan conquerors moved into the region, they began to cement a social structure known as the ___________________ as a way to organize the new lands and peoples they had conquered and KEEP THEMSELVES IN CONTROL.	caste system	17
4759497181	Additionally, they gave each of these castes duties or roles, which were to be performed in society. Collectively, one's caste duties and responsibilities is known as ____________.	dharma	18
4759498878	What is the Hindu's most important responsibility?	to fulfill their dharma	19
4759500805	Fulfilling one's dharma can help them to attain positive ___________, which is determined by an individual's adherence to their caste expectations.	karma	20
4759501956	Hindus believe that individual souls are immortal and live on through ____________________________. Individuals can be reincarnated into higher or lower castes based on their karma, which encourages believers to accept their caste regardless of its perceived fairness.	reincarnation	21
4759506839	The ultimate goal of Hinduism is _____________, unification with the Supreme Being of Brahman. This releases an individual from the cycle of death and rebirth.	moksha	22
4759508360	Buddhism is not so much a religion as an ________________/philosophical system. It aims to provide the _________________ of life for its followers as well as the path to individual _______________.	-ethical -meaning -salvation	23
4759512655	The system has its roots in the person of ___________________________________, a person born in northern India in between the 6th and 4th B.C.E.	Siddhartha Gautama	24
4759515908	Though he was surrounded by wealth and a life of pleasure, Siddhartha failed to find satisfaction in the ______________ comforts of the world. In preparation for his transition to becoming king, he began to venture forth from his ____________.	-material -palace	25
4759517221	On his journeys throughout his province,he was exposed to the realities of the world. He ran into three individuals on his outings that had a profound impact on his view of the world. They were a _________ man, an _______ man, and a ________.	-sick -old -corpse	26
4759523900	These encounters convinced Siddhartha that EVERYONE is prone to ____________ and ______________ in this life. He began to seek out a way to rid oneself of the pain and suffering that life brought. After MUCH meditation, Siddhartha reached a state of enlightenment (also known as ______________)	-suffering -pain -nirvana	27
4759524344	He began to teach others how to reach individual nirvana and came to be known as the _____________. According to Buddha, enlightenment came through understanding the _____ Noble Truths, which were: -All life is __________. -The source of suffering is _____________, or want of things (either material or emotional). -Suffering ends when one purges themselves of all ____________. -To rid oneself of desires, one must follow the ______________ Path.	-Buddha -Four -Suffering -Desire -Desires -Eightfold	28
4759539954	The Eightfold Path is a set of prescriptions for how to train oneself in proper __________________, speech, and _____________.	-thought -conduct	29
4759545278	For many in India, this teaching was extremely attractive because it denounced the __________________________. Buddha taught that ANYONE could achieve nirvana, regardless of caste, with proper living and meditation	caste system	30
4759551042	Finally, like other faiths, as Buddhism grew in popularity and spread outside its original location, it was _______________ and adapted by peoples to fit their specific needs. Therefore, there exists _______________ versions of Buddhism today, each with a slightly different outlook on a practitioner's role within the faith.	-changed -several	31
4759562046	Like Buddhism, Confucianism is a ___________________ system aimed at creating a more stable society. However, unlike Buddhism, it also emphasizes ____________ stability by promoting certain roles for members of Chinese society, hoping to build a strong political state.	-philosophical -political	32
4759564935	He lived in China in the 5th century BCE, during a period known as the _____________________________ period. After being turned down for a job at the court of a local ruler, Confucius began to spread his ideas throughout the populace.	warring states	33
4759584166	Due to the chaos and turmoil of the time, many were willing to listen to his teachings. He emphasized upright, ___________ behavior for all members of society as the recipe for a well organized and _______________ society.	-moral -prosperous	34
4759586767	According to Confucius, moral behavior consisted of knowing one's ________ in society and respecting a series of hierarchical __________________ that governed one's behavior.	-role -relationships	35
4759592856	Enormous emphasis is placed on proper behavior between _________________ and __________________. Confucius identified five key relationships within society, but the most important was the relationship between ____________ and son.	-inferiors -superiors -father	36
4759595896	He believed in ________________, or respect for one's ___________, elders, or ancestors. Ideally, a son shows respect to his father and the father acts respectably toward the son.	-filial piety -parents	37
4759601194	Finally, Confucius believed that a functional society would be one that is governed by highly _______________ men, who can use their knowledge to rule wisely.	educated	38
4759604331	Over time, Confucianism became the _____________ ethical system of China and made up the base of their educational, family, and ___________ systems.	-primary -political	39
4759629907	Judaism is the world's first clearly defined ______________________ faith. The faith gets its name from the fact that it becomes the religion of the Jewish nation, which had its origin in the father figure of _____________.	-Monotheistic -Abraham	40
4759632627	According to Judaism, God (known as Yahweh by the Jews) created a special ____________ with Abraham and his descendants.	convenant	41
4759637485	God gave to his people a set of _________ by which to live. The most well known of these is the __________________________________, though there are hundreds of other lesser-known laws as well.	-rules -ten commandments	42
4759639499	Part of God's promise to Jews (also known as ______________) was to care for them as long as they ___________ His laws.	-Israelites -obeyed	43
4759640761	The beliefs of the Jewish faith can be found in the _______________, the holy text of Judaism.	Torah	44
4759643044	One of the most important characteristics of Judaism is the _________________ nature and character of God. God is rational and just and his character is displayed through his word, the Torah. Central to His character is the unchanging _________ He displays toward His people, despite their sins.	-unchanging -love	45
4759650434	Like Judaism, Christianity originated in the same geographic region, the __________________. While it shares many central ideals and values with Judaism, it has distinct differences, most notably the person of ______________ of Nazareth.	-Middle East -Jesus	46
4759654983	Christianity holds to many of the teachings of Judaism, however their view of Jesus is profoundly different. Christians believe Jesus to be God's ________ and part of a Trinitarian view of God (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit)	son	47
4759659295	In contrast, Jews come to see Jesus as a blasphemer (one who speaks of God irreverently). Jews hold to a strict _____________________ belief of God, and Jesus' claims to be not only the son of God but God himself in human form, was expressly rejected.	monothiestic	48
4759661646	Christianity teaches that as part of God's covenant with his people, there must be a __________________ for their sins. The purpose of Jesus Christ's life was to live and ____________ (through crucifixion) for the sins of His people.	-sacrifice -die	49
4759664480	Christianity also believes in the ________________ of Christ after his death. Through this resurrection, Christ defeated __________ and sin and provided eternal life for all who ___________ in Him.	-resurrection -death -believe	50
4759670167	Unlike Judaism, Christianity became much more ______________, welcoming both Jews and outsiders into the faith.	inclusive	51
4759675519	Christianity teaches not only a belief in the person and work of _________________, but also a lifestyle committed to the teachings of their holy text, the ________________, which included the Jewish writings of the Torah, along with the writings by Jewish prophets and Christ's earliest followers. Like Judaism (and Islam), Christians see the Bible as the ______________ word of God, spoken to humanity through his disciples and believers.	-Jesus Christ -Bible -Revealed	52