AP Language: Syntax Terms Flashcards

5182412514	Simple Setence	A sentence with only one independent clause (1 subject + 1 predicate)	0
5182420857	Compound Sentence	-A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses -Constructed w/coordinating conjunctions, or semicolon/colon (1+ subjects + 1+ predicates)	1
5182443669	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and subordinate clause w/subordinating conjunction	2
5182453446	Compound-complex sentence	A sentence with two or more coordinating independent clauses and at least one dependent clause	3
5182469012	Subject	the part of a sentence or clause that commonly indicates what it is about, or who or what performs the action	4
5182479739	Predicate	one of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb (can be a verb or verb phrase)	5
5182484151	Declarative	-A sentence in the form of a statement -Subject precedes the verb -Ends with a "."	6
5182504603	Interrogative	-A sentence that of sentence that asks a question. -Inversion of the subject and predicate: verb precedes subject -Ends with a "?"	7
5182537910	Exclamatory	-A sentence that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation -Usually ends with a "!"	8
5182545383	Imperative	-A sentences that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command. -Typically begins with the base form of a verb -Understood "You" -Usually ends with "." or "!"	9
5182580200	Natural Order	Subject comes before the predicate in a sentence.	10
5182593368	Inverted Order	Predicate comes before the verb	11
5182594877	Loose (cumulative sentences)	The main clause (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. -The main point comes early in the sentence	12
5182608237	Periodic Sentence	-A sentence which has been deliberately structured to place the main point at the end -A sentence that is not complete until the last clause	13
5182631107	Juxtaposition	-Placing of verbal elements side by side, leaving it up to the reader to establish connections and discover or impose a meaning. -Normally unassociated words/phrases that are placed next to each other	14
5182640710	Parallel Structure	Similar grammatical structure between parts of a sentence	15
5182647220	Rhetorical Question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	16
5182652656	Rhetorical Fragment	A sentence fragment used for persuasive emphasis	17
5182659770	Elliptical Construction	The omission of a word or words in a sentence It refers to constructions in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood.	18
5182669061	Balanced Sentence	a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure,	19
5182685584	Convoluted Sentence	A sentence that is characterized by excessive detail, needless repetition, and outlandish figures of speech	20
5182693183	Centered Structure	A sentence where the main clause occupies the middle of the sentence in between two subordinate clauses	21
5182714558	Repetition	When words/phrases are repeated to enhance rhythm or create emphasis	22
5182717048	Telegraphic	A sentence with shorter than five words	23
5182718272	Short	A sentence with about five words	24
5182718984	Medium	A sentence with about 18 words	25
5182720516	Long (involved)	A sentence with 30 words or more	26
5182721408	Sentence Openers	Adverbial Clauses, Prepositional Phrases, Verbal Phrases	27
5182723045	Adverbial Clause	A dependent clause that functions as an adverb (contains Subject + predicate)	28
5182729384	Prepositional Phrase	A modifying phrase with preposition + object of preposition	29
5182732359	Verbal Phrase	A form of a verb that functions as another part of speech. 1. Participles 2. Gerunds 3. Infintives	30
5752452566	Simple, telegraphic, short sentences	Typically used in non-formal/causal writing	31
5752462517	Repetition and parallel structure	Typically used to create emphasis or rhythm	32
5752471374	Balanced sentences and parallel structure	Typically used to make writing/ideas cohesive	33
5752485581	Juxtaposition	Typically used to highlight the contrast between two items and compare them for suspense/surprise or rhetoric effect	34
5752496292	Rhetorical fragment	Typically used to create emphasis or persuade	35
5752516613	Rhetorical Question	Writers typically use this in order to use the audience's logic to help the writer persuade the audience of their argument	36
5752521085	Loose or cumulative sentence	Example: -I found a large hall, obviously a former garage, dimly lit, and packed with cots. (Eric Hoffer) -I knew I had found a friend in the woman, who herself was a lonely soul, never having known the love of man or child. (Emma Goldman)	37
5752531363	Periodic sentence	Example: -"In the almost incredibly brief time which it took the small but sturdy porter to roll a milk-can across the platform and bump it, with a clang, against other milk-cans similarly treated a moment before, Ashe fell in love." -"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius.	38
5752542359	Juxatposition	Example: -"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness" -Do not go gentle into that good night. -It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;"	39
5752774420	Rhetorical question	-"Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? -If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?"	40
5752575449	Rhetorical fragment	Example: -"All I saw was darkness. Oppressive darkness. Darkness that swallowed everything," -"See, a marriage needs love. And God. And a little money."	41
5752827295	Elliptical sentence	Example: -You are just as good at golfing. -Johnny ate an apple and I did too.	42
5752837266	Balanced sentence	Example: -"If you've got the time, we've got the beer." -"Life is a comedy to those who think, a tragedy to those who feel."	43