AP World History 1 Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards

The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 5.

5347106333	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	0
5347106334	Angra Mainyu	In Zoroastrianism, the evil god engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda	1
5347106335	atman	The human soul which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman	2
5347106336	Ban Zhao	A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45 - 116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women	3
5347106337	Bhagavad Gita	A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation	4
5347106338	bhakti movement	An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity	5
5347106339	Brahman	The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief	6
5347106340	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India	7
5347106341	Buddhism	The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	8
5347106342	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	9
5347106343	Confucius (Kong Fuzi)	The founder of Confucianism (551 - 479 BCE), an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history; Confucius	10
5347106344	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe	11
5347106345	Daodejing	The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power	12
5347106346	Daoism	A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legednary figure Laozi	13
5347106347	filial piety	The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism	14
5347106348	Greek rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 - 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in non-religious terms	15
5347106349	Hinduism	A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions	16
5347106350	Hippocrates	A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460 - ca. 370 BCE); regarded as the father of medicine	17
5347106351	Isaiah	One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice	18
5347106352	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE - 30 CE)	19
5347106353	Judaism	The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice	20
5347106354	karma	In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence	21
5347106355	Laozi	A legendary Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BCE, regarded as the founder of Daoism	22
5347106356	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments	23
5347106357	Mahayana	"Great Vehicle"; the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism (called Theravada)	24
5347106358	moksha	In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman	25
5347106359	nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism in which individual identity is "extinguished," resulting in a state of serenity and great compassion	26
5347106360	Plato	A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 - 348 BCE	27
5347106361	Pythagoras	A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560 - ca. 480 BCE) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world	28
5347106362	Saint Paul	The first great popularizer of Christianity (10 - 65 CE)	29
5347106363	Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566 - ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism; the Buddha	30
5347106364	Socrates	The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469 - 399 BCE)	31
5347106365	Thales of Miletus	A Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624 - 547 BCE), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe	32
5347106366	Theodosius	Roman emperor (r. 379 - 395 BCE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals	33
5347106367	Theravada	"The Teaching of the Elders", early form of Buddhism that portrayed the Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine and that emphasized practices rather than beliefs	34
5347106368	Upanishads	Sacred, mystical, and highly philosophical Indian texts that were written between 800 and 400 BCE	35
5347106369	Vedas	The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. BCE	36
5347106370	warring states, age of	Period in China from 403 to 221 BCE that was typified by disorder and political chaos	37
5347106371	yin and yang	Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites	38
5347106372	Zarathustra	A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the 6th or 7th century BCE (but perhaps much older) who founded Zoroastrianism	39
5347106373	Zhuangzi	A Chinese philosopher (369 - 286 BCE) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism	40
5347106374	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra	41
5347106375	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great (and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry)	42