AP World History Period 2 Flashcards
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| 7675346369 | Herodotus | Greek historian | 0 | |
| 7675346370 | The Histories | describes major events of the wars with Persia (battle and public events) | 1 | |
| 7675348968 | Homer | A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey | 2 | |
| 7675348969 | Avestas | Zoroastrian scriptures | 3 | |
| 7675365196 | Parthenon | A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena | 4 | |
| 7675367477 | Persepolis | Capital of Persian Empire | 5 | |
| 7675373015 | Socrates | a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy | 6 | |
| 7675377051 | Socratic Method | philosophical method of questioning to gain truth | 7 | |
| 7675377052 | Golden Mean | Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes | 8 | |
| 7675380189 | syncretic | A religion that combines several traditions | 9 | |
| 7675383409 | Zoroastrianism | a Persian religion based on the belief of one god (montheastic) | 10 | |
| 7675383410 | Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism | 11 | |
| 7675386382 | qanat | an underground canal first built by the ancient Persians | 12 | |
| 7675386383 | Cyrus the Great | king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 13 | |
| 7675389433 | Delian League | Military alliance led by Athens | 14 | |
| 7675389434 | Cambyses | Son of Cyrus, expanded Persian empire by conquering Egypt | 15 | |
| 7675393027 | Darius I | The Persian Emperor that ordered the 1st invasion of Greece | 16 | |
| 7675396548 | Xerxes | King of Persia, Son of Darius | 17 | |
| 7675399071 | Peloponnesian League | allies of Sparta in the Peloponnesus | 18 | |
| 7675399072 | Phillip II | One of the most powerful Capetian kings | 19 | |
| 7675402632 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia | 20 | |
| 7675436126 | Ptolemies | Hellenistic eqypt | 21 | |
| 7675439075 | Poleis | a self governing greek city-state | 22 | |
| 7675439076 | Monarchies | Ruled by a king or queen | 23 | |
| 7675441628 | Aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | 24 | |
| 7675441629 | Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people | 25 | |
| 7675443670 | Tyrants | people who gained power by force | 26 | |
| 7675446205 | Representative Democracy | a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf | 27 | |
| 7675446206 | Crete | large island on the Aegean Sea; home to the Minoans | 28 | |
| 7675449790 | Minoan | Society located on the island of Crete that influenced the early Mycenaeans. | 29 | |
| 7675451492 | Mycenae | First Greek state | 30 | |
| 7675454251 | 3rd Persian War | Fought between Greeks and Persians 1st: battle of marathon 2nd: King Xeres, battle of Thermopylae 3rd: Greeks join forces, Last battle at plataea | 31 | |
| 7675456932 | Persians | developed laws, built roads, and made money systems | 32 | |
| 7675459092 | Achaemenid Empire | Persian Empire, W Asia 550-330 BCE | 33 | |
| 7675460829 | Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E. | 34 | |
| 7675462800 | Sassanids | Strong Zoroastrianism, defeated Parthians | 35 | |
| 7675462801 | Athens | A Greek city-state and the birthplace of democracy. | 36 | |
| 7675462802 | Sparta | a greek city-state known for its strength and trained warriors | 37 | |
| 7675466318 | Hellenistic Period | the time between the death of Alexander the great and the rise of the roman domination. | 38 | |
| 7675466319 | hoplite | a heavily armed infantry soldier of ancient Greece | 39 | |
| 7675468690 | archons | (Greek for "leaders") Chief officials in Greek aristocracies and oligarchies | 40 | |
| 7675468691 | helots | Spartan slaves | 41 | |
| 7675472807 | Spartan women | Enjoyed more freedom then other city states. Owned property's, and traveled. | 42 | |
| 7675475818 | caravanserai | Like a hostel for merchants and their camels | 43 | |
| 7678561325 | magistrates | Elected officials | 44 | |
| 7678561326 | tribunes | an elected official who protects the rights of ordinary citizens | 45 | |
| 7678561327 | consuls | The two most powerful officials in Rome | 46 | |
| 7678565013 | Laws of the Twelve tables | the laws of Rome written on 12 tablets and set up in the Forum (marketplace) | 47 | |
| 7678566941 | Cicero | A philosopher who worked to stop the chaos in Rome's government. | 48 | |
| 7678566942 | Carthage | one of the great cities of ancient Africa | 49 | |
| 7678568889 | Punic Wars | 3 wars between Rome and Carthage fought over trade and land in West Mediterranean | 50 | |
| 7678568890 | Vandals | One of a group of Germanic tribes who invaded and destroyed territory in the Roman empire. | 51 | |
| 7678572573 | legions | groups of up to 6,000 soldiers | 52 | |
| 7678574899 | Marius | the idol of the masses | 53 | |
| 7678574900 | Sulla | Roman general and dictator (138-78 BC) | 54 | |
| 7678577986 | Pax Romana | 200 Roman Peace time in Rome | 55 | |
| 7678577987 | Constantine | first Christian emperor of Rome, he moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium | 56 | |
| 7678580275 | Edict of Milan | Emperor Constantine's decision to end persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. 313 CE Constantine makes Christianity the primary religion of the Roman Empire | 57 | |
| 7678585362 | separation of church and state | The principle that government must maintain an attitude of neutrality toward religion | 58 | |
| 7678590136 | Apennine Mountains | divided italy, although not as much as greece | 59 | |
| 7678590137 | Etruscans | the group of people who ruled Rome before Romans revolted | 60 | |
| 7678593405 | Tiber River | river in Central Italy on which the city of Rome was founded | 61 | |
| 7678596834 | catapults, siege devices, stirrup | Romans invented | 62 | |
| 7678606744 | plebians | Common people of Rome | 63 | |
| 7678622158 | martyrdom | Witness to the saving message of Christ through the sacrifice of one's life. | 64 | |
| 7678625943 | Peter and Paul | apostles that helped Jesus's teachings spread throughout the Mediterranean region's | 65 | |
| 7678628500 | pontifex maximus | head priest | 66 | |
| 7678636959 | stoicism | the endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint. | 67 | |
| 7678688805 | Epicureanism | An ancient school of philosophy founded in Athens by Epicurus | 68 | |
| 7678699616 | Ganges River | also known as the "holy river" and a part of one of the core regions of Indian culture. | 69 | |
| 7678703679 | Rock and Pillar Edicts | Asoka's way of informing the people of his change of heart to Buddhism | 70 | |
| 7678747662 | Kushan Empire | Known for the Greek alphabet and Zoroastrianism, one of the earliest nomadic empires (1st-3rd century CE) | 71 | |
| 7678749943 | Gupta Dynasty | golden age is formed; a lot of India is reunited | 72 | |
| 7678751595 | Mauryan Dynasty | Indian dynasty | 73 | |
| 7678756083 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of the Mauryan Empire | 74 | |
| 7678756084 | White Huns | Invaded the Gupta Empire causing its collapse | 75 | |
| 7678759451 | Pax Sinica | Chinese peace | 76 | |
| 7678761096 | Shihuangdi | Chinese emperor who unified China and founded the Qin dynasty | 77 | |
| 7678764067 | Xiongnu | nomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty | 78 | |
| 7678769367 | Vedas Upanishads | Name two of the holy texts of Hinduism | 79 | |
| 7678791847 | Jainism | an Indian religion based on the teachings of Mahavira that teaches all life is sacred. founded 5th-century bce, nonviolent, no farming, everything has a soul | 80 | |
| 7678791848 | Buddhism | a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that developed in India in the 500s BC | 81 | |
| 7678796423 | Four Noble Truths | This explains why people suffer and how it can be overcome. dukkha. tanha. nirvana. 8 fold path | 82 | |
| 7678799370 | Bhagavad Gita | Hinduism's most popular sacred text | 83 | |
| 7678799371 | mahabharata | A long Hindu epic that includes the Bhagavad-Gita | 84 | |
| 7678807539 | nirvana | The state of enlightenment for Buddhists. | 85 | |
| 7678809724 | ramayana | Epic poem which describes the struggle between good and evil | 86 | |
| 7678815293 | ahimsa | nonviolence | 87 | |
| 7678815294 | ascetic | One who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury | 88 | |
| 7678822238 | Mahavir Jain | Last to have attained a state of perfection or enlightenment through meditation and self-realization. Gods of Jains. | 89 | |
| 7678877294 | Silk roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. | 90 | |
| 7678882770 | Confucius | A Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on Chinese life | 91 | |
| 7678882771 | Confucianism | The ideas of Confucius, emphasizing such values as family, traditions, and mutual respect. | 92 | |
| 7678884768 | Daoism | stressed living in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of all reality | 93 | |
| 7678886162 | Dao De Jing | book of teachings written by Laozi | 94 | |
| 7678886163 | Dao | the proper way Chinese kings were expected to rule under the mandate of heaven | 95 | |
| 7678902396 | Moche | a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 400 B.C. to A.D. 600. | 96 | |
| 7678905119 | Olmec | they developed the earliest known civilization in Mesoamerica, known for carving huge stone heads, obsidian | 97 | |
| 7678912591 | Maya | The major classical civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E., located in the Yucatan peninsula, and central America, zero, calendar | 98 | |
| 7678931281 | Teotihuacan | Powerful city-state in central Mexico that was an important classic period civilization, "Place of the Gods", first plan city in the Americas | 99 | |
| 7678948126 | Classic Period | 200 AD to 900 AD --> Classic Maya, Teotihuacan | 100 | |
| 7678955841 | Caracol | - Chichen-Itza, Mexico - After 900 | 101 | |
| 7678959640 | Chichen Itza | an ancient Mayan city located on the Yucatan Peninsula | 102 |