Biochemistry Flashcards

3639299181	Carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	0
3639299182	Protein	macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes	1
3639299183	Lipid	macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes	2
3639299184	Nucleic Acid	an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information	3
3639299185	Monosaccharide	a simple sugar that is the basic monomer of a carbohydrate	4
8236888752	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	5
3639299186	Amino Acid	basic building blocks of protein molecules	6
3639299187	Fatty Acid	monomer of Lipids	7
8236891930	lipid	a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water	8
3639299188	Nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	9
3639299189	Enzyme	protein that acts as a biological catalyst (speeds up chemical reactions)	10
3639299190	Monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	11
3639299191	Polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	12
3639299192	Organic compound	compound that contains carbon	13
3639299193	Inorganic compound	any compound that does not contain carbon	14
3639299992	fats	Also known as lipids, fats are an essential nutrient composed of fatty acids and used for energy and other body functions	15
3639300422	fatty acids	Building Blocks of Lipids	16
3639300745	saturated fats	A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.	17
3639301143	unsaturated fats	Fats that remain liquid at room temperature e.g. canola oil	18
3639302104	cholesterol	A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods. used to make bile, vitamin D, cell membranes and hormones	19
3639303824	lipoproteins	Assist in facilitated diffusion of lipids through cells by emulsifying themL	20
3639304346	LDL	low density lipoprotein that causes cardiovascular heart disease	21
3639304877	HDL	high density lipoprotein reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease	22
3639306703	steroids	____________ are hormones synthesized (made) from cholesterol.	23
3639307628	proteins	Chains of amino acids	24
3639307901	amino acids	Building blocks of protein	25
3639308543	amino acid structure	H, NH2, COOH bonded to a central carbon and then a variable R group	26
3639309051	sources of amino acids	Plants, vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, beans and rice	27
3639309493	peptide bonds	The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are	28
3639312477	globular protein	Proteins that are water soluble	29
3639312770	enzymes	Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things	30
3639313333	nucleic acid	a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; DNA and RNA	31
3639313808	DNA	(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix	32
3639314476	RNA	A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages	33
3639318465	DNA sequence	The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome.	34
3639318960	cellular respiration	Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen	35