Chapter 12 Flashcards
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| 8178914283 | Reflex | Rapid, automatic response triggered by specific stimuli | 0 | |
| 8178914284 | Spinal reflexes | Controlled by spinal cord | 1 | |
| 8178914285 | Posterior median sulcus | Shallow longitudinal groove on the posterior surface of the spinal cord | 2 | |
| 8178914286 | Dorsal root | Contains the axons of the neurons whose cell bodies are in the dorsal root ganglion | 3 | |
| 8178914287 | Dorsal root ganglion | Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons carry information to the spinal cord | 4 | |
| 8178914288 | Spinal nerve | Contains the axons of sensory and motor neurons | 5 | |
| 8178914289 | Ventral root | Contains the axons of motor neurons that extend into the periphery to control somatic and visceral effectors | 6 | |
| 8178914290 | White matter | Contains large numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons | 7 | |
| 8178914291 | Gray matter | Dominated by the cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons. | 8 | |
| 8178914292 | Spinal meninges | A series of specialized membrane surrounding the spinal cord | 9 | |
| 8178914293 | Name the spinal meninges from deep to superior | Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater | 10 | |
| 8178914294 | What is a spinal tap? | A needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region inferior to the tip of the conus medullaris | 11 | |
| 8178914295 | Gray commissures | Posterior and anterior to the central canal | 12 | |
| 8178914296 | Motor nuclei | Issue motor commands to peripheral effectors | 13 | |
| 8178914297 | Sensory nuclei | Receive and relay sensory information from peripheral receptors | 14 | |
| 8178914298 | Ascending tracts | Carry sensory information toward the brain | 15 | |
| 8178914299 | Descending tracts | Convey motor commands to the spinal cord | 16 | |
| 8178914300 | Epineurium | Outermost covering of the nerve, consists of dense network of collagen fibers | 17 | |
| 8178914301 | Perineurium | Middle layer | 18 | |
| 8178914302 | Endoneurium | Innermost layer | 19 | |
| 8178914303 | Rami | Each spinal nerve | 20 | |
| 8178914304 | Dorsal ramus | Innervates the muscles, joints, and skin of the back | 21 | |
| 8178914305 | Ventral ramus | Innervates structure in the lateral and anterior trunk as well as the limbs | 22 | |
| 8178914306 | Communicating rami | Present in thoracic and superior lumbar segments of spinal cord | 23 | |
| 8178914307 | Dermatone | Specific bilateral region of the skin surface monitored by a single pair of spinal nerves | 24 | |
| 8178914308 | White ramus communicans | The first branch from the spiinal nerve and carries visceral motor fibers to a nearby sympathetic ganglioin | 25 | |
| 8178914309 | Gray ramus communicans | Contains postganglionic fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscles in the body wall or limbs | 26 | |
| 8178914310 | Nerve plexus | Complex interwoven network of nerves | 27 | |
| 8178914311 | Trunks | Large bundles of axons contributed by several spinal nerves | 28 | |
| 8178914312 | Cords | Smaller branches that originate at trunks | 29 | |
| 8178914313 | Nerves forming brachial plexus | c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, t1 | 30 | |
| 8178914314 | Pectoral Nerves (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C5-T1 Pectoralis major | 31 | |
| 8178914315 | Thoracodorsal Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C6-C8 Latissimus dorsi muscle | 32 | |
| 8178914316 | Axillary Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C5, C6 Deltoid and teres minor muscles; sensory from skin of shoulder | 33 | |
| 8178914317 | Radial Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C5-T1 Extensor muscles of arm | 34 | |
| 8178914318 | Ulnar Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C8, T1 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscles | 35 | |
| 8178914319 | Ansa Cervicalis (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C1-C4 Five extrinsic laryngeal muscles | 36 | |
| 8178914320 | Lesser occipital, transverse, cervical, supraclavicular and great auricular nerves (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C2-C3 Skin of upper chest, shoulder, neck and ear | 37 | |
| 8178914321 | Phrenic Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C3-C5 Diaphram | 38 | |
| 8178914322 | Cervical Nerves (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | C1-C5 Levator | 39 | |
| 8178914323 | Sciatic Nerve | Largest and longest nerve in the body | 40 | |
| 8178914324 | Genitofemoral Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L1, L2 Skin over surface of thigh and genitalia | 41 | |
| 8178914325 | Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L2, L3 Anterior. lateral, and posterior surface of thigh | 42 | |
| 8178914326 | Femoral Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L2-L4 Anterior muscles of thigh | 43 | |
| 8178914327 | Obturator Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L2-L4 Adductors of hip | 44 | |
| 8178914328 | Saphenous Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L2-L4 Medial surface of leg | 45 | |
| 8178914329 | Gluteal Nerves (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L4-S2 Abductors of hip and extensor of hip | 46 | |
| 8178914330 | Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | S1-S3 Perineum and posterior surface of thigh and leg | 47 | |
| 8178914331 | Sciatic Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | L4-S3 2 of the hamstrings, flexor of knee and extensor of ankle, biceps femoris | 48 | |
| 8178914332 | Pudendal Nerve (Spinal Segment & Distribution) | S2-S4 Muscles of perineum | 49 | |
| 8178914333 | Neuronal Pools | Groups of interconnected neurons | 50 | |
| 8178914334 | Neural circut | Wiring diagram | 51 | |
| 8178914335 | Divergence | One pool to multiple pools | 52 | |
| 8178914336 | Parallel processing | Neuronal pools process the same info simultaneously | 53 | |
| 8178914337 | Convergence | Several neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron | 54 | |
| 8178914338 | Reveberation | Collateral branches of axons somewhere along the circuit extend back toward the source of impulse | 55 | |
| 8178914339 | Reflexes | Rapid, automatic response to specific stimuli | 56 | |
| 8178914340 | Reflex arc | Route of a single reflex | 57 | |
| 8178914341 | Receptor | Respond to stimuli that cause or accompany tissue damage | 58 | |
| 8178914342 | Innate reflexers | Result from connections that form neurons during development and are genetically or developmentally prgrammed | 59 | |
| 8178914343 | Somatic reflexers | involuntary control of skeletal muscles | 60 | |
| 8178914344 | Visceral reflexers | autonomic reflexes | 61 | |
| 8178914345 | Polysynaptic reflexes | at least 1 interneuron in addition to a sensory neuron and a motor neuron | 62 | |
| 8178914346 | Monosynaptic reflex | involving 1 synapse in CNS | 63 | |
| 8178914347 | Intersegmental reflexes | multiple segments of spinal cord | 64 | |
| 8178914348 | Cranial reflexes | Processing events occur in nuclei of brain | 65 | |
| 8178914349 | Stretch reflex | Regulates skeletal muscle length | 66 | |
| 8178914350 | Muscle spindle | sensory receptors | 67 | |
| 8178914351 | Intrafusal muscle fibers | Specialized skeletal muscle fibers | 68 | |
| 8178914352 | Gamma Motor Neuron | Control sensitivity by altering tension inthe intrafusal fibers | 69 | |
| 8178914353 | Postural refelxes | Remain upright posture | 70 |