AP Literature Terms Flashcards

5964692179	Tone	Author's implicit attitude towards reader or people, events, etc in a work. Revealed by the elements of style.	0
5964703156	Syntax	Ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns (ie. phrases, clauses). Often used to place emphasis on a word.	1
5964709600	Persona	Speaker created by the writer to tell a story/speak in a poem. Separate self: not a character, does not reflect author's personal voice.	2
5964716310	Speaker	Voice used by an author to tell a story. Often a created identity, not necessarily equated with the author.	3
5964736456	Free Verse (open form)	Nonconformity to established patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanza. Uses speech patterns, grammar, emphasis and breath pauses to decide line breaks. Usually does not rhyme.	4
5964756911	Stanza	A grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme.	5
5964761418	Rhyme Scheme	The pattern of end rhymes. Mapped out by noting patterns where the first rhyme sound is a, the second is b, etc.	6
5964773136	Couplet	2 consecutive lines of poetry that usually rhyme and have the same meter.	7
5964780384	Heroic Couplet	A couplet in rhymed iambic pentameter.	8
5964787624	Quatrain	A four line stanza, can have various meters and rhyme schemes.	9
5964790052	Sonnet	Fixed form of lyric poetry with 14 lines (often in iambic pentameter). Two types: Italian/Petrarchan and English.	10
5964804028	Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet	Divided into an octave (typically rhymes abbaabba) and a sestet (which can have varying rhyme schemes). Octave tends to present situation or problem which the sestet comments upon or resolves.	11
5964832538	Shakespearean (English) Sonnet	Organized into 3 quatrains and a couplet, typically rhyming abab, cdcd, efef, gg. Has flexibility with thematic breaks but most pronounced break tends to come with concluding couplet.	12
5964849143	Octave	A stanza consisting of 8 lines.	13
5964850568	Sestet	A stanza consisting of exactly 6 lines.	14
5964856500	Villanelle	A fixed form of poetry consisting of 19 lines of any length divided into 6 stanzas: 5 tercets and a concluding quatrain. The 1st and 3rd lines of the initial tercet rhyme and this rhyme is repeated in the subsequent tercets (aba) and the final 2 lines of the quatrain (abaa). Line 1 appears in its entirety in lines 6, 12 and 18. Likewise for line 3 in lines 9, 15, and 19	15
5964894047	Elegy	A mournful, contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead, usually ending in a consolation. May also be a serious, meditative poem to express a speaker's melancholy thoughts.	16
5964895944	Ode	A relatively long lyric poem that often expresses lofty emotions in a dignified style. Characterized by a serious topic (truth, freedom, meaning of life) and tends to have a serious tone.	17
5964895945	Pastoral	A work of literature presenting an idealized version of country life.	18
5964943031	End Rhyme	Rhyme at the end of the lines.	19
5964945400	Internal Rhyme	Places at least one of the rhymed words within the line.	20
5964952959	Masculine Rhyme	The rhyming of single-syllable words. Also occurs in words with more than one syllable when the same sound occurs in the final stressed syllable.	21
5964968282	Feminine Rhyme	Rhymed stressed syllable followed by one or more identical unstressed syllables.	22
5964976903	Near Rhyme (slant rhyme)	The sounds are almost but not exactly alike.	23
5964983130	Onomatopoeia	The use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes (buzz, rattle, bang). Can also be more than one word.	24
5964989276	Alliteration	Repetition of same consonant sounds, based on sound not spelling.	25
5964998651	Assonance	Repetition of internal vowel sounds in nearby words that do not end the same (aslEEp under a trEE)	26
5965006820	Consonance	A type of near rhyme that consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds (home and same)	27
5965011517	Euphony	Language that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear.	28
5965011518	Cacophony	Language that is discordant and difficult to pronounce.	29
5965667250	Implied Metaphor	Subtle comparison where the two items being compared are not specifically explained.	30
5965672014	Extended Metaphor	Sustained comparison where all or part of a poem consists of a series of related metaphors.	31
5965676517	Personification	Metaphor where human characteristics are applied to nonhuman things.	32
5965676518	Synecdoche	Metaphor in which part of something is used to signify the whole.	33
5965677492	Metonymy	Metaphor in which something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it. (ie. crown for king)	34
5965686051	Hyperbole	An exaggerated statement that adds emphasis without intending to be literally true.	35
5965692482	Understatement	Figure of speech that says less than intended, usually has an ironic effect.	36
5965694421	Paradox	A statement that appears to be contradictory but then, upon closer inspection, turns out to make sense.	37
5965695522	Oxymoron	A condensed form of paradox in which 2 contradictory words are used together.	38
5965699169	Diction	A writer's choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, etc. which combine to help create meaning.	39
5965702460	Formal Diction	Dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language - lofty tone	40
5965705002	Informal Diction	Plain, everyday language (slang, contractions, etc)	41
5965708474	Denotation	Dictionary meaning of a word	42
5965709624	Connotation	Associations and implications beyond the literal meaning of a word.	43
5965719115	Rhythm	Recurrence of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry.	44
5965722441	Stress/Accent	Emphasis (or accent) given a syllable in pronunciation.	45
5965725555	Meter	Rhythmic pattern of stresses that recurs in a poem. Rising meter: metrical feet which move from unstressed to stressed Falling meter: metrical feet which move from stressed to unstressed.	46
5965725556	Foot	Metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured. Usually consists of 1 stressed and 1-2 unstressed syllables.	47
5965740346	Iamb	1 unstressed then 1 stressed	48
5965740347	Trochee	1 stressed then 1 unstressed	49
5965740348	Anapest	2 unstressed then 1 stressed	50
5965740870	Dactyl	1 stressed then 2 unstressed	51
5965743720	Spondee	2 stressed - not a sustained metrical foot, used more for variety or emphasis	52
5965750244	Line	Sequence of words printed as a separate entity on the page. Usually measure by number of feet they contain (monometer-octameter)	53
5965751685	Iambic Pentameter	Metrical pattern in poetry with 5 iambic feet per line	54
5965756780	Blank Verse	Unrhymed iambic pentameter.	55
5965757736	Caesura	Pause within a line of poetry that contributes to the rhythm of the line. Indicated by a double vertical line.	56
5965763636	End-stopped line	A poetic line with a pause at the end. Often marked by punctuation.	57
5965768611	Enjambment	When one line ends without a pause and continues into the next line for its meaning	58
6737663655	Allegory	A story in which people, things and events have another meaning	59
6737663656	Apostrophe	Direct address to someone/something that is not actually there	60
6737663657	Didactic	Explicitly instructive and intending to teach	61
6737663658	Epigram	Brief and pointed form of verse	62
6737663659	Euphemism	Indirection to avoid offensive bluntness i.e deceased for dead	63
6737663660	Alludion	Reference in a work of literature to something outside of the work	64
6737663661	Soliloquy	Monologue in which the character is alone and speaking his/her thoughts aloud	65
6737663662	Syllogism	Two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them	66
6738042425	Antecedenr	Word, phrase, clause to which pronoun refers -comes before	67
6738042426	Modernist	Writing from WW1 to pre-WW2	68