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Week 9: Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Flashcards

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4701026291Anyone transfused with blood products must wait _______ before they are eligible to donate blood, to ensure lack of infection via transfusion12 months0
4701026292Required Donor Unit Testing (in addition to ABO, Rh, Antibody Screen)Syphilis T. cruzi HBsAg (detected before antibody) Anti-HBc Anti-HCV Anti-HIV 1 and 2 Anti-HTLV 1 and 2 HIV/HBV/HCV/WNV NAT1
4701026293Transmission of viruses can be associated with...Cellular components or plasma alone2
4701026294Six major types of viral hepatitisA, B, C, D, E, G (GB virus-C)3
4701026295Symptoms of hepatitisjaundice, dark urine, hepatomegaly, anorexia, malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain4
4701026296Hepatitis ____ and____ are responsible for most infectionsB and C5
4701026297Hepatitis A (HAV) FamilyPicornaviridae, ssRNA6
4701026298Hepatitis A TransmissionFecal-oral route; in blood transfusion donor must be in incubation phase (limited to 2-6 weeks)7
4701026299Hepatitis A Donor ScreeningNot routinely performed; most infected are acutely ill and are symptomatic8
4701026300Hepatitis E (HEV) FamilyCalciviridae, RNA9
4701026301Hepatitis E TransmissionFecal-oral route10
4701026302Hepatitis B (HBV) FamilyHepadnaviridae, partially circular DNA11
4701026303Hepatitis B TransmissionParenterally, sexual contact, perinatally High incidence in homosexuals, multiple partners, IVDU Remains infective for at least 1 month when stored at RT or frozen12
4701026304Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG)Prepared from plasma with high titers of antibody Given to individuals who have not been immunized and have been potentially exposed Does not provide permanent protection Does not always prevent infection13
4701026305Hepatitis B VaccineRecombinant vaccine, gene for HBsAg inserted into yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae Yeast allergy contraindication (contains residual yeast) Given as 3 intramuscular injections14
4701026306Hepatitis C (HCV) FamilyFlaviviridae, RNA Formerly non-A, non-B15
4701026307Hepatitis C TransmissionParenterally, sexual contact, perinatally16
4701026308Hepatits C DiseaseCHRONIC liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma Responsible for most liver transplants17
4701026309Hepatitis D (HDV) is a defective...ssRNA virus only found with HBV infection18
4701026310Hepatitis D TransmissionParenterally (blood)19
4701026311HDV infection requires ________ to replicateHBsAg20
4701026312HBV/HDV coinfectionMore severe acute disease than HBV alone Decreased risk of developing chronic hepatitis21
4701026313Hepatitis G (GVB-C) FamilyFlaviviridae22
4701026314Hepatitis G TransmissionParenterally (infected blood products)23
4701026315Retroviruses are characterized by...Morphology Presence of reverse transcriptase Two identical strands of RNA24
4701026316Mechanism of retrovirusesRT allows virus to produce DNA complementary to its RNA Proviral DNA is integrated into host DNA25
4701026317HIV StructureRetrovirus with envelope of glycoproteins, core proteins, and an inner core of viral RNA and RT26
4701026318HIV/AIDS TransmissionBlood and Body Fluids27
4701026319HIV Infects...Lymphocytes (the immune system)28
4701026320HIV Screening TestELISA Antibody Test29
4701026321If HIV Screening Test is reactive...Test should be repeated in duplicate on same specimen30
4701026322HIV Confirmatory Test (to detect false positives)Western Blot NAT testing31
4701026323This test detects HIV infection before tests for antigen/antibodyPCR32
4701026324First human retroviruses identifiedHuman T-Lymphotrophic Viruses (HTLV I and II)33
4701026325HTLV TransmissionBlood cells (NOT plasma) and Body Fluids34
4701026326HTLV I and II are _____virusesoncoviruses35
4701026327HTLV I is associated with...T-cell lymphoma36
4701026328HTLV II associated with...T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia37
4701026329Cytomegalovirus FamilyHerpesviridae38
4701026330Hallmark of CMV infectionsPeriod of latency and intermittent reativations39
4701026331The prevalence of CMV in adults50-80% (high)40
4701026332CMV TransmissionUrine, oropharyngeal secretions, breast milk, blood, semen, cervical secretions41
4701026333Because of the prevalence of CMV, donors only screened when...giving blood for neonates or immunocompromised42
4701026334CMV transmission can be prevented by the use of...leukocyte-reduced blood components43
4701026335EBV causes...Infectious mononucleosis Assc. with Burkitt Lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma44
4701026336EBV TransmissionOropharyngeal secretions In the carrier state, found in B lymphocytes45
4701026337Because EBV is common, up to 47% of people develop antibodies to it by adulthood; therefore...Donor blood is not routinely screened for EBV46
4701026338West Nile Virus FamilyFlavivirus, ssRNA with lipid envelope47
4701026339WNV is a neuropathogen of...human, avian, and equine species48
4701026340Transmission of WNVMosquito bites49
4701026341A diagnosed case of WNV is deferred for...120 days50
4701026342Parvovirus B19 TransmissionTransmitted during viremic stage during transfusion51
4701026343People who lack the ____ antigen are naturally resistant to Parvovirus B19 infectionP52
4701026344Dengue Virus FamilyFlaviviridae, ssRNA53
4701026345Most common arthropod-borne viral diseaseDengue Virus54
4701026346Small, proteinaceous, infectious particles that do not invoke immune responsePrions55
4701026347Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with Human Growth Hormone56
4701026348Permanent deferral based on CJD exposurePast HGH exposure Tissue transplants from sources with increased CJD risk Persons with family history of CJD57
4701026349Characteristics of Classic CJDSporadic, inherited, or iatrogenic58
4701026350Variant CJDBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the UK linked to contaminated beef59
4701026351Deferral to protect against vCJD transmission1980-1996 3+ months spent in the UK 6+ months stationed in European base 5+ years living in Europe60
4701026352The type of organism that most frequently causes transfusion-transmitted infectionBacteria61
4701026353The most frequent source of septic (bacterial) transfusion reactionsPlatelets (stored at RT)62
4701026354Blood can become contaminated with bacteria:At the time of collection When the donor has bacteria within bloodstream63
4701026355Most bacteria do not survive storage due to...Cold temperature Citrate in anticoagulants64
4701026356Bacteria that DO survive storage are primarily...Gram Negative Bacilli65
4701026357Gram Negative Bacillus known to flourish in cold stored bloodYersinia enterocolitica66
4701026358Vehicles of Transmission of Yersinia enterocoliticaMilk, water, tofu, bean sprouts, turkey chow mein67
4701026359Prevention of Y. enterocolitica in blood transfusionQuestion donors about recent GI disturbances68
4701026360Cause of SyphilisTreponema pallidum (spirochete)69
4701026361T. pallidum storageDoes not survive in blood stored at 4degC for more than 72 hours Remains viable when frozen70
4701026362Syphilis Donor Screening TestNontreponemal Tests71
4701026363Syphilis Donor Confirmatory TestTreponemal Tests72
4701026364Positive Syphilis test deferred for...1 year73
4701026365Controversy over Syphilis testing of donor bloodDoes not survive well in refrigerated blood Test dropped by AABB, retained by FDA in 1978 AABB reinstated syphilis testing Those infected with one STD likely to be infected with others74
4701026366Cause of Lyme DiseaseBorrelia burgdoreferi Blacklegged ticks75
4701026367Donor testing of Lyme DiseaseNot recommended at this time Following treatment, those diagnosed may donate76
4701026368Malarial SpeciesPlasmodium falciparum Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale77
4701026369Transmission of MalariaAnopheles mosquito78
4701026370Malarial resistance conferred byFy (a-b-) Absence of Duffy antigen En (a-)79
4701026371Diagnosis of MalariaExamination of stained blood smears80
4701026372Prevention of MalariaProphylactic drugs quinine, chloroquine81
4701026373Deferral: Travel to Malaria endemic area1 year82
4701026374Deferral: Immigrant from endemic country3 years83
4701026375Deferral: Recovered from Malaria3 years84
4701026376Cause of Chaga's DiseaseTrypanosoma cruzi Parasitic blood and tissue protozoan85
4701026377Reservoirs of T. cruzi in the USOpossums and beavers86
4701026378Transmission of T. cruziBedbugs, needle sticks, congenitally87
4701026379Most frequent cause of transfusion-associated tickborne infectionBabesia microti Deer tick88
4701026380Babesia microti can survive blood bank storage for up to...35 days89
4701026381Deferral for history of babesiosisIndefinite90
4701026382Follow-Up after Transfusion-Associated DiseaseDonor must be permanently deferred in the development of Hepatitis, HIV, or HTLV in recipient91
4701026383Look-BackMandated by FDA, directs collection facilities to notify donors who test positive for viral markers, to notify prior recipients, and to quarantine/discard implicated components in inventory92
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