AP World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

7391880975	caudillos	Military strongmen who seized control of a government in nineteenth-century Latin America.	0
7391880976	lower middle class	Social stratum that developed in Britain in the nineteenth century and that consisted of people employed in the service sector as clerks, salespeople, secretaries, police officers, and the like.	1
7391880977	Indian Cotton Textiles	For much of the eighteenth century, well-made and inexpensive cotton textiles from India flooded western markets; the competition stimulated the British textile industry to industrialize, which led to the eventual destruction of the Indian textile market both in Europe and in India.	2
7391880978	Karl Marx	The most influential proponent of socialism; a German expatriate in England who advocated working-class revolution as the key to creating an ideal communist future.	3
7391880979	Labour Party	British working-class political party established in the 1890s and dedicated to reforms and a peaceful transition to socialism, in time providing a viable alternative to the revolutionary emphasis of Marxism.	4
7391880980	Mexican Revolution	Long and bloody war (1911-1920) in which reformers from the middle class joined with workers and peasants to overthrow the dictator Porfirio Díaz and create a new, much more democratic political order.	5
7391880981	dependent development	Term used to describe Latin America's economic growth in the nineteenth century, which was largely financed by foreign capital and dependent on European and North American prosperity and decisions.	6
7391880982	Luddites	Skilled artisans who banded together between 1811 and 1813 to protest against the machines that threatened the jobs and livelihood of workers in the woolen and cotton industry; also argued for price reductions, minimum wages, and prohibitions on the flooding of their industry by unapprenticed workers.	7
7391880983	Ellen Johnston	Scottish textile worker and single mother (1835-1875) who became a published poet with a modest local reputation.	8
7391880984	Latin American Export Boom	Large-scale increase in Latin American exports (mostly raw materials and foodstuffs) to industrializing countries in the second half of the nineteenth century, made possible by major improvements in shipping; the boom mostly benefited the upper and middle classes.	9
7391880985	Middle-Class Values	Belief system that developed in the nineteenth century that emphasized thrift, hard work, rigid moral behavior, cleanliness, and "respectability."	10
7391880986	Progressives	Followers of an American political movement in the period around 1900 that advocated reform measures to correct the ills of industrialization.	11
7391880987	Russian Revolution of 1905	Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905; the revolution was suppressed, but it forced the government to make substantial reforms.	12
7391880988	Socialism in the United States	Fairly minor political movement in the United States; at its height in 1912, it gained 6 percent of the vote for its presidential candidate.	13
7391880989	Steam Engine	Mechanical device in which the steam from heated water builds up pressure to drive a piston, rather than relying on human or animal muscle power; the introduction of the steam engine allowed a hitherto unimagined increase in productivity and made the Industrial Revolution possible.	14