AP Psychology Thinking and Language Flashcards
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| 5624430911 | Prototype | Cognitive representation of something within a certain category- sets a standard for a category or idea | 0 | |
| 5624430912 | Algorithm | Set of instructions for following a problem- has precise and well-defined steps | 1 | |
| 5624430913 | Heurisitc | A rule of thumb strategy for making more efficient decisions- make judgements and solve problems | 2 | |
| 5624430914 | Insight | When the solution comes to you in an all of a sudden manner | 3 | |
| 5624430916 | Fixation | Inability to adopt a different or new perspective on a problem | 4 | |
| 5624430917 | Mental set | People approach problems in similar ways all the time, even if they don't know for sure that it is the best approach or that it will even work- tendency to approach situations the same way they did in the past because it worked before | 5 | |
| 5624430918 | Functional fixedness | People are limited in the ways they think about objects, concepts, and people- narrow and limited thinking | 6 | |
| 5624430919 | Representative heuristic | When an individual categorizes a situation based on the pattern of previous experiences or beliefs about the scenario- useful in quick decision making, but it can also be limiting | 7 | |
| 5624430920 | Availability heuristic | How easily something that you've seen or heard can be accessed in your memory- people think of things they remember as more important than things they don't | 8 | |
| 5624430921 | Anchoring heuristic | Human tendency to accept and rely on, the first piece of information received before making a decision | 9 | |
| 5624430922 | Inductive reasoning | Decisions are made and conclusions are reached by a process of analyzing available evidence and past experiences | 10 | |
| 5624430923 | Deductive reasoning | Decisions are made based upon the results of previous choices and a critical observation of the results of previous choices and critical observations | 11 | |
| 5624430924 | Belief perserverance | Tendency or unwillingness to admit that their foundational premises are incorrect | 12 | |
| 5624430925 | Belief bias | Refers to the results that happen when an individual's own values or beliefs affects or distorts the reasoning process | 13 | |
| 5624430927 | Phoneme | Sets of basic sounds that are the building blocks to all spoken language | 14 | |
| 5624430928 | Morpheme | Smallest units of speech that convey meaning | 15 | |
| 5624430929 | Semantics | The meanings of words, signs, symbols, and the phrases that represent them | 16 | |
| 5624430930 | Syntax | The order of words in the sentences | 17 | |
| 5624430931 | Overgeneralizing | Error that involves coming to a conclusion based on information that is too general and/or not specific enough | 18 | |
| 5624430932 | Receptive language | The ability to understand or comprehend language heard or read | 19 | |
| 5624430933 | Productive language | The ability to produce/speak a language | 20 | |
| 5624430934 | Babbling stage | A very early stage of language development, usually occurring around 3-4 months, when children produces nonsensical, unrelated sounds | 21 | |
| 5624430935 | Telegraphic speech stage | Speech that sounds very much like a telegram, has words arranged correctly, but not all the necessary words (want milk) | 22 | |
| 5624430936 | Noam Chomsky | All humans share an innate capability for language | 23 | |
| 5624430937 | Language acquisition device | The innate biological ability of humans to acquire and develop language | 24 | |
| 5624430938 | Benjamin Whorf | The structure of human language effects the way in which an individual conceptualizes their world | 25 | |
| 5624430939 | Linguistic determinism | A concept taken from the narrow field of analytic philosophy and postulates that human language limits and determines human thought patterns and knowledge | 26 |