AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards

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7315121909	KEY TERMS		1
7315121910	Ahura Mazda	Zoroastrianism the good god who rules the world	2
7315121911	Alexander the Great	conqueror of Persian Empire and part of northwest India	3
7315121912	Alexander III of Macedon	Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India	4
7315121913	Aryans	Indo-European pastoralists moved into India about time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians	5
7315121914	Ashoka	Most famous ruler Mauryan empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.) converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.	6
7315121915	Athenian democracy	radical form of direct democracy free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot	7
7315121916	Caesar Augustus	great-nephew adopted son of Julius Caesar emerged sole ruler of Roman state at end of extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.).	8
7315121917	Cyrus the Great	Founder of Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.) noted for his conquests religious tolerance and political moderation	9
7315121918	Darius I	Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E) following upheavals after Cyrus's death completed establishment of the Persian Empire.	10
7315121919	Greco Persian Wars	two major Persian invasions of Greece in 490 B.C.E and 480 B.C.E which Persians were defeated on land and sea.	11
7315121920	Gupta Empire	An empire of India (320-550 C.E.).	12
7315121921	Han dynasty	Chinese dynasty (206 B.C.E to 220 C.E.) created durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement.	13
7315121922	Hellenistic era	Greek culture (323-30 B.C.E) Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors.	14
7315121923	Herodotus	Greek historian "father of history" (ca. 484-ca. 425 B.C.E) Histories gave Greek view fundamental divide between East-West culminating Greco-Persian Wars(490-480 B.C.E)	15
7315121924	Hoplite	Heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for city defined Greek citizenship.	16
7315121925	Ionia	Territory of Greek settlements on coast of Anatolia main contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire	17
7315121926	Mandate of Heaven	Ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors belief ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently	18
7315121927	Battle of Marathon	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E	19
7315121928	Mauryan Empire	major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) encompassed most of India.	20
7315121929	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus founded in 776 B.C.E and celebrated every four years.	21
7315121930	Patricians	Wealthy privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society	22
7315121931	pax Romana	"Roman peace" typically denoted stability and prosperity of early Roman Empire especially first and second centuries C.E.	23
7315121932	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. Conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age	24
7315121933	Persepolis	capital greatest palace-city of Persian Empire destroyed by Alexander the Great	25
7315121934	Persian Empire	Major empire expanded from Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E	26
7315121935	Plebeians	Poorer less-privileged Romans - who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	27
7315121936	Punic Wars	Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.	28
7315121937	Qin dynasty	Short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period	29
7315121938	Qin Shihuangdi	Literally "first emperor from the Qin" Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.	30
7315121939	Solon	Athenian statesman-lawmaker (594-560 B.C.E.)reforms led Athenians toward democracy	31
7315121940	Wudi	Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) began Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats	32
7315121941	Xiongnu	Nomadic peoples north-China's Great Wall-frequent threat to Chinese states stability	33
7315121942	Yellow Turban Rebellion	Major Chinese peasant revolt(184 C.E.) cause fall of Han dynasty.	34