Cliffs Notes AP Language Words Flashcards

6731245634	ad hominem argument	from the latin meaning "to or against the person" this is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect	0
6731245638	ambiguity	the multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. can also include a sense of uncertainty that a work presents.	1
6731245640	anecdote	a short, narrative account of an amusing, unusual, revealing or interesting event. it has a single, definite point and is used to clarify abstract points, to humanize individuals so that readers can relate to them or so they can create a memorable image.	2
6731245641	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	3
6731245642	antithesis	a figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure. it results in the emphasis of opposing ideas	4
6731245643	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle. It can be a memorable summation of the authors point	5
6731245644	apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction such as liberty or love, or an inanimate object.	6
6731245645	atmosphere	the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the authors choice of objects that are described	7
6731245646	caricature	a representation, especially pictorial or literary, in which the subjects distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.	8
6731245647	chiasmus	a figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. it is rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each another through a reversal of terms.	9
6731245648	clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent or main clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence	10
6731245649	colloquialism	slang or informality in speech or writing, not generally acceptable for formal writing, they give language a conversational, familiar tone.	11
6731245650	conceit	a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	12
6731245654	didactic	literally means "instructive". didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principles.	13
6731245656	extended metaphor	a metaphor developed at great length, occuring frequently in or throughout a work	14
6731245659	generic conventions	this term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing.	15
6731245660	genre	the major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	16
6731245661	homily	literally means "sermon" but more informal it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	17
6731245662	hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. They often have a comic effect, but can also have a serious effect.	18
6731245663	imagery	sensory details used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.	19
6731245664	infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. It is most likely the safest answer.	20
6731245665	invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	21
6731245666	irony	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; difference between what appears to be and what is actually true	22
6731245667	juxtaposition	placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast	23
6731245668	logical fallacy	a mistake in verbal reasoning, must be potentially deceptive.	24
6731245669	loose sentence	a type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	25
6731245670	metaphor	a figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things	26
6731245671	metonymy	meaning "substitute name", a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	27
6731245672	modes of discourse	flexible term that describes the conventions and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. Most common are exposition, narration, description, argumentation	28
6731245673	mood	used with verbal units and a speakers attitude	29
6731245674	narrative	telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events	30
6731245675	onomatopoeia	natural sounds that are imitated in the sounds of words	31
6731245676	oxymoron	figure of speech in which the author groups contradictory terms.	32
6731245677	paradox	statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, bu contains some degree of truth	33
6731245678	parallelism	grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	34
6731245679	parody	a joke; make fun of another literary work by imitating its style with comic effect.	35
6731245680	pathos	related to the word pathetic, trying to get an emotional reaction in the audience	36
6731245681	pedantic	an adjective that describes words, phrases or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic or bookish	37
6731245682	periodic sentence	a sentence that presents its central meaning in the main clause at the end	38
6731245683	personification	a figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	39
6731245684	point of view	the perspective from which the a story is told; two main divisions are first person and third person	40
6731245685	predicate adjective	a subject complement; an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb	41
6731245686	predicate nominative	another type of subject complement; a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject	42
6731245687	prose	one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and non-fiction, including all its forms	43
6731245688	repetition	the duplication, either exact or approximate of any elemt of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence or grammatical pattern.	44
6731245689	rhetoric	describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently and persuasively	45
6731245690	rhetorical appeal	Describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. Include: Logos, ethos and pathos	46
6731245691	rhetorical modes	persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audiences attention and response to a given work	47
6731245692	rhetorical question	a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply	48
6731245693	sarcasm	involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	49
6731245694	satire	a work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule.	50
6731245695	simile	an explicit, comparison normally using "like" "as" or "if"	51
6731245696	style	the sum of the choices the author makes	52
6731245697	subject compliment	the word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it. no on 10/18 test	53
6731245698	subordinate clause	contains both a subject and a verb, but it can not stand alone and does not express a complete thought	54
6731245699	syllogism	a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises which leads to a sound conclusion	55
6731245700	symbol	something that stands for something else	56
6731245701	syntax	how you take roots of words and put them together; groups of words and how you move them about in a sentence	57
6731245702	theme	the central idea or message of a work and the insight it offers into life	58
6731245703	thesis	the sentence of group of sentences that directly express the author opinion	59
6731245704	tone	describes the authors attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both	60
6731245705	transition	word of phrase that links different ideas	61
6731245706	understatement	ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant that it usually is.	62
6731245707	wit	intellectually amusing language	63
6731245708	argument	where you establish an assertion in your writing	64
6731245709	attitude	writers intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing.	65
6731245710	concrete detail	strictly defined, concrete refers to nouns that name physical objects	66
6731245711	descriptive detail	writers sensory description	67
6731245712	device	figures of speech, syntaz, diction and other stylistic elements that produce a particular artistic effect	68
6731245713	language	how the author uses diction, syntax, figurative language, and sentence structure to create a cumulative effect	69
6731245714	narrative device	the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events so that they build to a climatic moment or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect.	70
6731245715	narrative technique	the style of telling the story, concentrating on the order of events and on their detail in evaluating a writers techinique	71
6731245716	persuasive device	words in the passage that have strong connotations - words that intensify the emotional effect	72
6731245717	persuasive essay	writing that presents a coherent argument in which the evidence builds to a logical and relevant conclusion.	73
6731245718	resources of language	all the devices on composition available to a writer, such as diction, syntax, sentence structure and figures of speech.	74
6731245719	rhetorical features	how the passage is constructed, looking at the passages organization and how the writer combines images, details or arguments to serve his or her purpose	75
6731245720	rhetorical strategies	refers to all the strategies an author can use, includes structure; authors organization, purpose; why the author wrote the piece and style; diction, syntax, figurative language, attitude, tone, pacing etc	76
6731245721	sentence structure	simple, compound and complex variations created by combining sentences.	77
6731245722	stylistic devices	note and analyze all of the elements in language that contribute to style	78
6731245723	sythesis	combining and synthesizing and analyzing the information from at least three of the sources as you develop your position and your unique perspective on the issue.	79