AP PSYCHOLOGY: COGNITION AND LANGUAGE Flashcards
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| 6034080262 | COGNITION | the process of thinking, knowing, or mentally processing information | 0 | |
| 6034080263 | LANGUAGE | words or symbols, and rules for combining them, used for thinking and communication | 1 | |
| 6034081012 | PHONEMES | the smallest units of sound used in a language | 2 | |
| 6034081013 | MORPHEMES | smallest unit of meaningful sound such as simple words, prefixes, and suffixes | 3 | |
| 6034081453 | SURFACE STRUCTURE | the particular words and phrases used to make up a sentence | 4 | |
| 6034081454 | DEEP STRUCTURE | the underlying meaning of a sentence | 5 | |
| 6034082772 | GRAMMAR | A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing | 6 | |
| 6034082773 | SEMANTICS | the criteria for assigning meaning to the morphemes in a language | 7 | |
| 6034083075 | SYNTAX | rules for ordering words when forming sentences | 8 | |
| 6034081664 | IMAGE | mental pictures we create in our minds of the outside world | 9 | |
| 6034083076 | CONCEPT | a generalized idea representing a class of related objects or events | 10 | |
| 6034084289 | PROTOTYPE | what we think is the most typical example of a particular concept | 11 | |
| 6034085660 | IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODEL (ICM) | our conception of events as we expect to to typically find them | 12 | |
| 6034085878 | PROBLEM REPRESENTATION | the first step in solving a problem; involves interpreting or defining the problem | 13 | |
| 6034085879 | TRIAL AND ERROR | a problem solving strategy based on the successive elimination of incorrect solutions until the correct one is found | 14 | |
| 6034086511 | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL | recovering information fronz storage in memory | 15 | |
| 6034086512 | ALGORITHM | rule that guarantees the right solutionby using a formula or other foolproof method | 16 | |
| 6034086919 | HEURISTICS | a "rule of thumb"; a generally but not always true that can be used to make a judgment in a situation | 17 | |
| 6034086920 | HILL CLIMBING | a heuristic problem solving strategy in which each step moves you progressively closer to the final goal | 18 | |
| 6034087502 | SUBGOALS | intermediate, more manageable goals used in one heuristic strategy to make it easier to reach the final goal | 19 | |
| 6034089354 | MEANS-END ANALYSIS | combines aspects of both forward and backward reasoning in that both the condition and action portions of rules are looked at when considering which rule to apply | 20 | |
| 6034090267 | WORKING BCKWARDS | a heuristic strategy in which one works backwards from the desired goal to the given conditions | 21 | |
| 6034090268 | SET | a predisposition to respond in a certain way | 22 | |
| 6034091352 | FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS | the inability to see a new use for an object | 23 | |
| 6034114854 | TACTIC OF ELIMINATION | a problem solving strategy in which possible solutions are evaluated according to appropriate criteria and discarded as they fail to contribute to a solution | 24 | |
| 6034114855 | VISUALIZING | a problem solving strategy in which principles or concepts are drawn, diagrammed, or charted so that they can be better understood | 25 |