Chapter 23 ap world history Flashcards

6310993107	Prince Henry	(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.	0
6310993108	East India Company	An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia.	1
6310993109	Cross Staff	Device that sailors used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the pole star above the horizon.	2
6310993110	Christopher Columbus	An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.	3
6310993111	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	4
6310993112	Vitus Bering	What is the name of the Russian explorer who found the sea between Asia and North America?	5
6310993113	James Cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779).	6
6310993114	Afonso d' Alboquerque		7
6310993115	Reconquista	Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.	8
6310993116	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.	9
6310993117	VOC	(adj.) loud and noisy; compelling attention	10
6310993118	Volta do mar	"return through the sea" rather than trying desperately to hug the coast, they actually went into open water, abandoning shoreline and slowly zigzagging into the wind North until they could get to the Wester Winds "Return through the sea"- rather than trying to hug the coast, they would go out into open water and zig zag through the winds until they caught the westerly winds Drastically changed Portugeuse trade "Return through the Sea", with the breakthrough of the Compass in the 15th century, they began leaving the shoreline and realized the trade winds took them back to their destination more quickly. This process included zig zaging (tacking) through the ocean to make sure one didn't get stuck in any specific current or prevailing wind.	11
6310993119	Seven years' war	Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war.	12
6310993120	Colombian exchange	the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa	13
6310993121	Galleons	Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion.	14
6310993122	Joint stock companies	Companies that financed the settlement of America.	15
6310993123	English	English	16