Ap Flashcards

5864883984	Conditioning	The process of learning associations	0
5864883985	Classical conditioing	Occurs when pers leadn sounds that signal the arrival of food	1
5864883986	Operant conditioing	Occurs when behaviors are repeated	2
5864883987	Ivan pavlov	Conducted the first experimental studies of associative leadning	3
5864883988	John B Watson	First introduced behaviorism	4
5864883989	Watson	Believed that learning should be explained without any reference to mental processes	5
5864883990	An unconditioned response	Is somthing that is not learned, such as the dogs salivation in pavlovs experiment	6
5864883991	A conditioned rexponse	Is learned such as learned fear of a needle	7
5864883992	The salivation to the food in the mouth in pavlovs experiment	Is the unconditioned response	8
5864883993	The salivation to ghe sound of a tone	Is the conditioned response in pavlovs study	9
5864883994	The infant albert	Developed fear which is a conditioned response	10
5864883995	Acquisition	is when the stimulus is established and gradually strengthened	11
5864889680	in classical conditioning	the neutral stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus	12
5864890713	spontaneous recovery	is when a stimulus occurs then disappears, such as sudden anxiety	13
5864895114	generalization	occurs when a stimulus is learned and then applied to other situations	14
5864898416	discrimination	occurs when a response only occurs at one particular situation	15
5864899935	cognitive process	is important in classical conditioning	16
5864903316	an example of learned helplessness	is when a person lacks effort to do something based on prior events	17
5864909022	John Garcia's studies on the importance of biological predispositions	led to the practice of taste aversions	18
5864912103	Garcia and Koelling's finding on taste aversion in rats	challenged the idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus	19
5864914477	Ivan Pavlov's experiments	demonstrated how learning can be studied objectively	20
5864917133	unconditioned stimuli	occur when the stimulus is not learned, but rather associated with other events	21
5864919400	in classical conditioning	an organism forms associations between events that it does not control	22
5864922605	an automatic response to some stimulus	is called respondent behavior	23
5864923938	operant conditioning	is a form of learning that is influenced by consequences	24
5864927297	the process of reinforcing succesively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called	shaping	25
5864929710	discriminative stimuli	occurs when something is consistently reinforced triggering the same response from the original stimuli	26
5864933642	positive reinforcers	increase the rate of the operant responding while negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding	27
5864937345	positive reinforcer example	picking up a newborn when he or she cries makes the newborn a crybaby	28
5864939799	primary reinforcers	are innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs	29
5864941423	conditioned reinforcers	are stimulus that acquire reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer	30
5864945525	applause for an excellent piano recital	is an example of a conditioned reinforcer	31
5864948783	immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers	are advised to dog owners to quickly teach a dog to roll over on command	32
5864951883	a continuos and partial schedule	occurs when behavior is resistant to extinction and responses are mastered	33
5864954184	a variable interval schedule	occurs when unpredictable events combine with timed situations	34
5864958054	the introduction of unpleasant stimuli	usually occurs in the form of punishment and reinforcement occurs with the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus	35
5864961684	discrimination	is likely when patterns of behavior occur in different situations	36
5864964905	positive punishment	occurs when the punished learns not to repeat the behavior	37
5864968279	the best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps	comes from studies of latent learning	38
5864970004	insighrt learning	occurs when something new is learned or discovered	39
5864972090	intrinsic motivation	internal	40
5864973966	extrinsic motivation	external	41
5864975557	biological predispostion example	it is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food	42
5864977298	intrinsic drift	occurs when animals tend to revert from newly learning habits to their biologically disposed behavior	43
5864981512	shaping	occurs from repetitive successful behaviors	44
5864983598	operant conditioning	often shows improved productivity of a response	45
5864985152	autonomic nervous system	people can learn to control bodily functions	46
5864988020	associative learning examples	classical and operant conditioning	47
5864989826	operant conditioning	a learned association between a response and a consequence	48
5864991866	extinction	behavior diminishes if stimuli are discontinued	49
5864998027	modeling	acting in a similar or same manner as someone else	50
5864999278	mirror neurons	become active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves	51
5865005013	mirror neuron activity	reduction in immitation	52
5865008579	children exposed to a model	likely will talk in ways consistent with what the model says and acts	53
5865011634	viewing violence	leads children and teenagers to behave aggressively	54