AP World History Flashcards

4800030159	Cyrus the Great	Established massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires.	0
4800030707	Zoroastrianism	Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "house of Song"; chief religion of Persian Empire.	1
4800031728	Olympic Games	One of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competition and ritual celebrations.	2
4800031729	Pericles	Athenian political leader during 5th century B.C.E.; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War.	3
4800032325	Peloponnesian Wars	Wars from 431 to 404 B.C.E. between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece.	4
4800047908	Phillip the Second	Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C.E.; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority.	5
4800048390	Hellenistic Period	That culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with Eastern political forms.	6
4800049980	Alexandria, Egypt	One of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies.	7
4800050407	Roman Republic	The balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies.	8
4800051119	Punic Wars	Fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean; won by Rome after 3 separate conflicts.	9
4800051120	Carthage	Originally a Phoenician colony in Northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean.	10
4800051708	Hannibal	Great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama.	11
4800051709	Doric	Along with Ionian and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture, the least ornate of the 3 styles.	12
4800052449	Ionic	Along with Doric and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture, more ornate than Doric but less than Corinthian.	13
4800052450	Diocletian	Roman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection.	14
4800054432	Constantine	Roman emperor from 312 to 33 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually.	15
4800055274	Polis	City-state form of government; typical of Greek political organization from 800 to 400 B.C.E.	16
4800056000	Direct Democracy	Where people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives.	17
4800056001	Senate	Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elements of the Roman constitution.	18
4800056685	Consuls	Two chief executives or magistrates of the Roman republic; elected by an annual assembly dominated by aristocracy.	19
4800056686	Cicero	Conservative Roman senator, Stoic philosopher; one of great orators of his day; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar.	20
4800057593	Aristotle	Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world.	21
4800058177	Stoics	Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery.	22
4800058598	Socrates	Athenian philosopher of later 5th century B.C.E.; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young.	23
4800058599	Sophacles	Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex.	24
4800059267	Iliad	Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos.	25
4800059684	Odyssey	Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos.	26
4800060958	Corinthian	Along with Doric and Ionic, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture, the most ornate of the 3 styles.	27