ap psych - language Flashcards
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| 5962571436 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words & the ways we combine them as we think & communicate | 0 | |
| 5962574803 | phonemes | basic sound units that have no meaning | 1 | |
| 5962578177 | phonology | study of the smallest basic unites of language | 2 | |
| 5962582772 | how many phonemes does the English language have? | 40 | 3 | |
| 5962584412 | morphemes | smallest unit of language that carries meaning; can be simple words, prefixes, or suffixes | 4 | |
| 5962589243 | grammar | system of rules that enable us to communicate | 5 | |
| 5962591669 | semantics | set of rules we use to derive meaning from morphemes, words, and even sentences (ex. adding -ed to "laugh" to show that it is past tense) | 6 | |
| 5962599053 | syntax | rules we use to order words into sentences (ex. white house / casa blanca) | 7 | |
| 5962604681 | 2-4 month language development | cooing; not an imitation of adult speech | 8 | |
| 5962610143 | 6-10 month language development | babbling; reveals household language | 9 | |
| 5962611813 | 12 month language development | one-word "holophrase" (ex. "doggy" means "look at the dog out there!") | 10 | |
| 5962621125 | 24 month language development | 2 word, telegraphic speech (ex. "go car" means "I want to ride in a car") | 11 | |
| 5962627225 | 24+ month language development | language develops rapidly into complete sentences | 12 | |
| 5962632405 | longer phrases | after telegraphic speech, children begin uttering longer phrases (Mommy get ball) with syntactical sense, and by early elementary school, they are employing humor | 13 | |
| 5962642180 | over-generalization/overregulation | mistakes children make because they do not know all of the rules of grammar ("yesterday, I goed to the store") | 14 | |
| 5962647538 | descriptive grammar | describe what you mean using improper language | 15 | |
| 5962650924 | prescriptive grammar | proper language | 16 | |
| 5962660121 | B.F. Skinner's beliefs on language development | learn language by association, imitation, and reinforcement (operant conditioning) | 17 | |
| 5962721232 | Noam Chomsky's beliefs on language development | Inborn universal language; opposed Skinner's ideas and suggested that the brain is prewired for grammar because the rate of language acquisition is so fast that it can not be explained through learning principles | 18 | |
| 5962740525 | Critical Age Hypothesis | critical period for language development; research by Lenneberg; AGE 13 | 19 | |
| 5962745256 | deep structure | many possibilities of meaning for a sentence | 20 | |
| 5962749579 | surface structure | arrangement of words | 21 | |
| 5962751857 | interactionist theory | innate predisposition and a supportive environment both contribute to language acquisition | 22 | |
| 5962759104 | Benjamin Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis | language determines the way we think if someone speaks two different languages, the person thinks differently in the different languages | 23 | |
| 5962773458 | Children should preferably start learning a second language before age ____. | 7 | 24 |