AP World History-- Exploration Flashcards

6065446560	what opened European's eyes to the vast riches of the orient	the crusades // the adventures of marco polo	0
6065461939	what were the three main reasons for exploration	--gold --glory --god	1
6065469731	whose support led to portugal taking the lead in exploration	governmental support from Prince Henry the Navigator	2
6065492915	what conquest did prince henry the navigator take that made him want to search the orient	conquest of the muslim city of Ceuto in north africa (1415)	3
6065529574	what did prince henry the navigator find in ceuto that dazzled him	--exotic spices (pepper/cinnamon/cloves) --gold/silver/jewels	4
6065544491	why did portugal have the ideal location for exploration	it was located on the atlantic ocean at the southwest corner of europe	5
6065795078	how did prince henry the navigator enhance portugal's opportunities in exploration	he established a navigation school where mapmakers/instrument makers/shipbuilders/scientists/sea captains gathered to perfect his trade	6
6065870806	what two main inventions allowed exploration	the caravel// the astrolabe	7
6065873253	what was an astrolabe	it allowed captains to judge latitude (distance north and south)	8
6065895786	what was the MOST IMPORANTNT INVENNTIONNN	the caravel	9
6065895787	what was the caravel	a ship that allowed europeans to sail into the wind via triangular sails	10
6065903639	what is another word for 'into the wind'	'to tack'	11
6065905871	where did the portuguese believe the path to the orient lie	it lay around africa, so they began exploring down the west coat of africa	12
6065987633	what italian captain tried to convince the portuguese that the path to the orient was west around the word	christopher columbus	13
6066010140	why did the portuguese disagree with columbus' ideaaa	the world was too big and any ship would run out of supplies before reaching the orient	14
6066103765	which portuguese captain sailed around the southern tip of africa in 1488	bartolomeu dias	15
6066125928	who was the first european to reach the orient (india) by sailing around the southern tip of africa	vasco da gama	16
6066131383	what was another name for the southern tip of africa	the cape of good hope	17
6066143961	who did christopher columbus go to for support after the portuguese denied his ideas	the spanish (ferdinand and isabella)	18
6066173525	why did ferdinand and isabella turn christopher columbus the first time	they were in the middle of driving the moors (muslims) out of spain	19
6066181870	what was the last muslim stronghold to fall to the spanish	grenada	20
6066193612	when did ferdinand and isabella accept christopher columbus' proposal	`1492	21
6066202959	what were columbus's thrreeeeee shippsps	--the nina --the pinta --the santa maria	22
6066208876	why are native americans known as indians	bc christopher columbus thought he reached the east iindies	23
6066220904	who discovered that the land that columbus came across was not actually part of asia, but a new world	amerigo vespucci	24
6066265912	why is america what it is	german mapmaker named it america in honor of amerigoooo	25
6066280436	what did pope alexander VI do to prevent a trade war between portugal and the spanish	he made the treaty of tordesillas in 1493	26
6066289936	what did the treaty of tordisillas invilve	a line of demarcation (running north/south 1250 miles west of cape verde islands)--east of the line was portugal's, west of the line was spain's	27
6066330118	which area came under portuguese control while the rest remained with the spanish	brazil	28
6066346294	who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world	ferdinand magellan (1519)	29
6066354475	what was the outcome of the mission to circumnavigate the world	magellan was killed, only 1 ship with 18 men survived , but they made it bOI	30
6067240891	who had dominated the spice trade in the indian ocean for centuries	THE muslims	31
6067249163	how did the portuguese take control of the spice trade away from the muslims	--they captured Goa (1510) and made it the capital of their trading empire --took over the moluccas, which became known as the spice islands	32
6067269814	what was the differences in trading expenses for overland trade vs sea trade	sea trade cost 1/5 the amount that over land trade did	33
6067326881	who challenged the portugues' control over the indian ocean trade	the english and the dutch	34
6067341754	what was unique about the dutch's fleet	it was the largest in the world with 20,000 vessels	35
6067347367	what powers did the dutch east indian company have	--the power to mint money --the power to make treaties --the power to raise their own armies	36
6067362207	where were the dutch's trading headquarters	Java	37
6067364848	what is another name for the dutch republic	the netherlands	38
6067367083	what is the dutch capital	amsterdam	39
6067369879	what is unique about amsterdam	it became the leading commercial city of europe	40
6067381807	under which dynasty did the chinese unite when they drove out the mongols	the Ming dynasty	41
6067448234	who drove the mongols out of china (1368) and became the first ming emperor	Hongwu, the son of a peasant	42
6067461048	what was the capital of china in the ming dynasty	Beijing (the forbidden city)	43
6067475031	which chinese admiral launched seven voyages of exploration into southeast asia and india (1405)	Zheng He	44
6067480764	how long was japan's period of isolation	200 years	45
6067514110	what factors discouraged chinese exploration	--their economy was agriclturally based --high taxes on manufacturing//trade	46
6067526846	which jesuit tried to introduce christianity to china	Matteo Ricci	47
6067529363	who conquered china from the north in 1644	the manchus	48
6067535533	what dynasty did the manchus estalish	the Qing dynasty	49
6067538826	how long did the qing dynasty last	260 years	50
6067543591	which qing emperor led china to its greatest size prosperity	qian-long	51
6067595610	what did the ritual kowtow entail	visitors kneeled down in front of the emperor and touch their heads to the ground 9 times	52
6067610600	which country opened trade with china	the dutch (england did not)	53
6067619954	what items were traded between china and the dutch	--porcelain --silk --tea	54
6067629063	what percentage of shipments to europe was made up of tea by 1800	80%	55
6067646477	what was china's population by 1800	300 million	56
6067650458	what other area did the manchus conquer during the qing dynasty	korea (the hermit kingdom)	57
6067657507	what period in japan was their civil war (the period of the warring states)	1467-1568	58
6067669376	who fought in the japanese civil war	daimyos (japanese nobles) for control	59
6067673981	where did the japanese emperor rule from	kyoto (though he had little actual power lol)	60
6067678115	which daimyo brought an end to the civil war	Oda Nobunaga	61
6067682256	what was oda nobunaga's banner	'rule the empire by force'	62
6067690255	who was the first shogun of japan	Tokugawa Ieyasu	63
6067695531	which major city was the capital of Edo going to become	tokyo, yo	64
6067703503	what institution was founded by tokugawa ieyasu	the tokugawa shogunate (ruled until 1868)	65
6067720349	what form of poetry became popular in japan	haiku poetry	66
6067723693	which jesuit led the first christian mission to japan	francis xavier	67
6067727797	what caused japan's period of isolation	shoguns resented european meddling	68
6067760433	who explored present day florida//southeast US in an attempt to find a water route across the new world (1513)	Juan Ponce de Leon	69
6067765543	what native american legend did juan ponce de leon get distracted by	the fountain of youth	70
6067771494	who crossed the isthmus of panama and discovered/named the pacific ocean (1513)	Vasco Nunez de Balboa	71
6067809523	who landed on the present day coast of mexico (1519)	hernando cortez	72
6067825396	who was the aztec ruler than bestowed gifts upon the conquistadors	Montezuma II	73
6067832204	what advantages did the spanish conquistadors have over the aztecs	--spanish had guns/cannons while aztecs only had arrows/spears --spanish were assisted by neighboring tribes that also hated the aztecs lmao --spanish brought disease (mumps/smallpox/typhus/measles) to the aztecs that they weren't immune to	74
6067870611	who defeated the incan tribe	francisco pizarro	75
6067879469	who was the incan ruler that was captured and later killed by the spanish	atahualpa	76
6067885891	what was the incan capital conquered by the spanish	cuzco	77
6067936167	who discovered the mississippi river and explored parts of southwestern US (1539-1542)	Hernando DeSoto	78
6067979116	who explored southwestern US in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola and found the great canyon instead (1540-1542)	francisco coronado	79
6068008013	what city was built in southwestern US	santa fe (holy faith)	80
6068011050	what were spanish settlers called	peninsulars	81
6068016490	what were mestizos	people of mixed native/spanish descent	82
6068022020	what was the encomienda	a forced labor system by the spanish that made native americans farm/ranch/mine	83
6068031194	which catholic priest disagreed with the use of native americans as slaves	bartolome de las casas	84
6068037045	which portuguese explorer gave portugal a claim to brazil	pedro cabral	85
6068091093	what was the northwest passage	an all water route across america	86
6068101128	who was sent by king henry VII of england to search for the northwest passage (1947)	john cabot	87
6068115585	where did cabot land in the new world that gave the english a claim	newfoundland, canada	88
6068136174	who sailed to the new world in the name of king francis I of france	giovanni verrazzano	89
6068143410	which frenchman sailed up the st lawrence river// found Mont Royal	Jacques cartier	90
6068154597	what name did mont royal later acquire	Montreal	91
6068158120	who explored the great lakes//the upper mississippi river	jacques marquette//louis joliet	92
6068165194	what was the first permanent english settlement in the new world	jamestown	93
6068167750	where did the pilgrims settle	plymouth, massachusetts	94
6068172459	which group came to american searching for religious freedom	the puritans	95
6068235853	what was the difference between the english/french agendas in the new worldz	english wanted to settle, french just wanted to trade	96
6068246254	what was the french and indian war (seven years war)	fought between french/indians and english, english won and lay claim to most of north america	97
6068272302	what caused millions of native americans to die from coming into contact with europeans	--warfare --worked to death in harsh conditions --disease	98
6068282807	what were the effects of islam being spread to africa	--increase in slavery --first introduced europeans to african slavery	99
6068294049	what were the advantages of using africans as slaves rather than native americans	--africans had immunities to european diseases --had experience in agriculture/working in harsh conditions --africans were unfamiliar with the new world, so would be less likely to escape	100
6068317126	how many africans were brought to the new world by 1870	9.5 million	101
6068324308	until its outlaw in 1807, who was the leading carrier of enslaved africans	england	102
6068330139	what was the triangular trade	--Europeans would transport manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa to trade for slaves --slaves were transported across Atlantic ocean to west indies, sold for molasses//sugar --molasses/sugar sold to rum producers in new England --rum shipped back over northern Atlantic to Europe	103
6068373046	what was the middle passage	the voyage that brought africans to the new world	104
6068390689	how many africans died in the middle passage	20%	105
6068396529	what were the consequences of the african slave trade	--african villages lost their best men and women to the slave trade --families were torn apart --guns were introduced to africa, spreading war/conflict	106
6068414630	what was the columbian exchange	the global exchange of plants/animals	107
6068436975	what foods were transported over the columbian exchange	--tomatoes --squash --pineapples --peanuts --pumpkins --quinine --tobacco --corn --cacoa beans --potatoes --onions --olives --peaches --grapes --wheat --rice --bananas --black-eyed-peas --yams	108
6068533152	what two foods helped to increase the population size	corn and potatoes	109
6068757331	what animals were transported over the columbian exchange	--horses --cattle --sheep --pigs --honeybees	110
6068769181	what is the commercial revolution	a new wave of businesses and trade practices in europe that greatly increased the wealth of european nations	111
6068777737	what is capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profits	112
6068789424	what were join-stock companies	where a number of people pool their wealth for a common purpose like financing a trade expedition	113
6068796048	what was mercantilism	a theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth	114
6068800344	how did countries acquire wealth	it needed to sell more goods than it bought--to do this, nations needed colonies to provide raw materials	115
6068811980	what was the ultimate goal in mercantilism	to become self sufficient so that a nation would not have to depend on other nations for goods	116