Pre-AP World History Chapter 8 Part 1 Vocab Flashcards

4144734462	Warring States Period (403 BCE - 221 CE)	Turbulent time period between Zhou and Qin marked by civil war and disunity	0
4144758012	Era of Division (221-589 CE)	Turbulent time period between Han and Sui marked by civil war and disunity (6 weak dynasties)	1
4144768421	Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)	First politically centralized dynasty following the fall of the Han and Era of Division	2
4144778062	Li Yuan	Duke of Tang, first Tang emperor 618 CE	3
4144792815	Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)	Politically centralized powerful medieval Chinese dynasty following the collapse of the Sui; capital at Chang'an	4
4144799182	Chang'an	Capital city of Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties	5
4144808708	Tang Taizong	Tang ruler known for empire's expansion	6
4144822215	scholar-gentry	Educated, upper-class elite who worked for the government in China	7
4144828183	civil service exam system	Examinations based on Confucianism, needed to be passed in order to obtain a government job	8
4144834159	tributary system	Process through which China forced less powerful kingdoms/tribes into a subservient relationship	9
4144849732	the "Middle Kingdom"	Nickname for China reflecting the ethnocentric belief that China was in the center of the universe	10
4144854589	kowtow	Ceremonial ritual that tributary delegations had to perform while presenting tribute to the Chinese emperor	11
4144877441	equal-field system	Land redistribution system began by the Tan in order to limit the power of aristocratic land-owning families	12
4144883125	Grand Canal	1100 mile, man-made water way linking the Yangtze and Huang He rivers for trade and transportation purposes	13
4144901286	Li Bo	Tang dynasty poet whose writings reflected his free spirit and love of nature	14
4144907798	Du Fu	Tang dynasty poet whose writings were formal and concerned with social justice	15
4144917919	Chan (Zen)	Buddhism sect, developed in east Asia, strong emphasis on meditation	16
4144921458	Uighurs	Nomadic Turkish people, helped Tang emperor put down rebellion in 750s, attacked and stole from Chang'an	17
4147802933	Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)	Politically centralized, powerful medieval Chinese dynasty following the collapse of the Tang	18
4147810162	Khitan	Pastoral nomads who set up the Liao Empire in China's northern frontier	19
4147815731	Minyak	Pastoral nomads who set up the Xi Fa Empire in China's western lands	20
4147821665	Jurchen	Northern nomadic group who forced the Song into a reverse tributary relationship	21
4147825156	Kaifeng	Original capital city of the Song dynasty; given up after invasion by the Jurchen	22
4147830103	Neo-Confucianism	New interpretation of Confucianism, developed in the Middle Ages, based on teachings of Mencius and Buddhism	23
4147836106	Mencius (370 BCE - 290 BCE)	Confucian contemporary scholar who combined Buddhism and Confucianism	24
4147841155	Wu Zhao	Female Tang empress, legitimized her rule by claiming to be an incarnation of Buddha	25
4147846995	foot-binding	Process of breaking and binding young girls feet in order to produce a socially desired look of small feet; became a status symbol for upper class	26
4147859152	Li Qingzhao	Song dynasty female poet	27
4147860483	"The Three Kingdoms"	Three political organizations of early Korea - Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla	28
4147872027	Silla Dynasty	First politically unified Korean dynasty	29
4147875604	Koryo Dynasty	Second politically unified Korean dynasty	30
4147878114	celadon	Green-glazed porcelain, became a highly valued art form in Korea	31
4147882999	Viets	Early agricultural settlers in the Red River delta of modern Vietnam	32
4147890607	Shintoism	Japanese indigenous religion based on spirits in nature known collectively as the kami	33
4147893381	kami	Polytheistic Shinto gods and goddesses	34
4147901586	Fujiwara family (794-1185 CE)	Medieval shogunate family who ruled Japan during the Heian Era	35
4147911740	Nara & Kyoto	Capitals of Japan during the Heian Era, ruled over by Fujiwara Shogunate	36
4147917586	Heian Era (794-1185 CE)	Rule of Fujiwara Shogunate in Japan	37
4147919078	The Tale of Genji	Novel written by Murasaki Shikibu, fictional tale, loosely based on the Fujiwara clan	38
4147925355	Minamoto family	Second medieval shogunate family who ruled after the collapse of the Fujiwara	39
4147929968	shogun	Supreme military ruler, held most semi-centralized political authority	40
4147933437	bakufu	"tent"/military government ran by a shogun, emperor has no real political power	41
4147936712	samurai	Japanese warriors who protect the daimyo (local warlord families) and owed loyalty to the shogun	42
4147940158	Todaji Temple	Buddhist temple built near Nara, largest wooden building built in history	43
4147943515	bushido code	Code of conduct followed by Japanese samurai warriors, involved piety, respect for the enemy in battle and ritual suicide	44
4147948296	seppuku	Ritual suicide performed by a samurai warrior who broke the code of Bushido in order to atone for his sins and bring honor back to his family	45