AP World History Exam Review 1750-1900 Flashcards

4403860410	Suez Canal	Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869. Faster route between Europe and Asia	0
4403860411	Bourgeoisie	In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the 3rd Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners	1
4403860412	Guano	Bird droppings used as fertilizer; major trade item for Peru in the late 19th century	2
4403860413	Maoris	New Zealand natives; settled on the island around 800 C.E.	3
4403860414	Conscription	Military Draft	4
4403860415	Declaration of Independence	Document modeled after political philosophy of John Locke: included natural rights of Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (property)	5
4403860416	Communism	An economic system in which the state controls the means of production	6
4403860417	Liberalism	An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, protection of private property and representative government	7
4403860418	Tanzimet Reforms	19th century reforms by the Ottoman rulers designed to make the government and military more efficient	8
4403860419	Conservatism	in 19th century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies and state established churches	9
4403860420	Economic Imperialism	Control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation	10
4403860421	Spheres of Influence	Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges	11
4403860422	Jacobins	Extreme radicals of the French Revolution	12
4403860423	Theory of Natural Selection	First proposed by Charles Darwin; species survive due to favorable characteristics	13
4403860424	Monroe Doctrine	Policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other power	14
4403860425	Boxer Rebellion	Revolt against the foreign residents of China	15
4403860426	Estates General	Divisions of society in France before the Revolution; there were 3 of them; each had an equal vote; legislative body	16
4403860427	Young Turks	Society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire	17
4403860428	Reign of Terror	The period of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution; beheadings via guillotine	18
4403860429	Manifest Destiny	The policy in the U.S. that led to the expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific	19
4403860430	Imperialism	Establishment of colonial empires; when a stronger nation takes over a weaker territory for economic, political and military gains	20
4403860431	Feminism	the movement to achieve women's rights	21
4403860432	Extraterritoriality	The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country	22
4403860433	Capital	The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization	23
4403860434	Meiji Restoration	The restoration of the Meiji emperor Japan in 1868; begins a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan	24
4403860435	Separation of Powers	Division of power between the Judicial, Executive and Legislative branches of government	25
4403860436	Social Darwinism	Darwin's theory of evolution applied to human society; survival of the fittest; biological differences between humans	26
4403860437	Sepoys	Native soldiers in India that served the British Empire	27
4403860438	Opium War	In response to China's banning the importation of opium	28
4403860439	Russo-Japanese War	War between Japan and Russia over Manchuria; Japanese navy defeated Russia	29
4403860440	Sino-Japanese War	War between Japan and China over Korea	30
4403860441	Industrial Revolution	The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and mechanization of production in a factory setting	31
4403860442	Treaty of Nanking	Treaty that ends the Opium War; gives Britain control of Hong Kong	32
4403860443	Duma	Russian parliament	33
4403860444	Raj	British government in India	34
4403860445	Berlin Conference	Meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them	35
4403860446	Boers	South Africans with Dutch ancestors	36
4403860447	Natural Rights	Rights that belong to every person and that no government may take away	37
4403860448	Qing Dynasty	The Manchurian invaders who ruled China from 1644 to the early 1900s	38
4403860449	Radicalism	Western European political philosophy during the 19th century; advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower classes	39