AP Human Geography: Culture, Identity, Language and Religion Flashcards

5031849870	culture	group of beliefs that certain people in a group will follow	0
5031849871	folk culture	incorporates a homogeneous population (culture) and follows after that culture's traits	1
5031849872	popular culture	includes a large heterogeneous population and experiences rapidly changing traits	2
5031849873	local culture	group of people who see themselves as a community with collective traits	3
5031849874	material culture	a group that is known for what they have created	4
5031849875	non-material culture	a group that is known for the beliefs and ideas that they have created	5
5031849876	independent innovation	when the same invention is created in 2 separate places that did not communicate	6
5031849877	culture systems	When 2 or more culture complexes are united by something, such as a trait or custom	7
5031849878	culture realm	set of culture showing unrelated culture complexes/landscape	8
5031849879	assimilation	adapting to a culture of a group or nation	9
5031849880	custom	universal practice that a group follows	10
5031849881	cultural appropriation	other cultures utilize one culture's trait(s) for their benefits	11
5031849882	neolocalism	regional culture that is reinvigorated in response to uncertainty of the modern world	12
5031849883	ethnic neighborhoods	neighborhoods that are located in a major city buy live apart from the rest of the population to practice their customs	13
5031849884	commodification	some aspect of a culture that wasn't an object now is being bought/sold/traded on world market as an object	14
5031849885	authenticity	having an origin supported by evidence	15
5031849886	time-space compression	explains how something will diffuse based on the connectivity of 2 places	16
5031849887	reterritorialization	pop culture will take on new forms when it encounters a new locality	17
5031849888	cultural landscape	visible imprint of human activity on a landscape	18
5031849889	placelessness	loss of uniqueness of place in a cultural landscape	19
5031849890	global-local continuum	cultural borrowing and mixing around the world	20
5031849891	glocalization	the process by which people in a local place alter regional, national, and global processes	21
5031849892	folk-housing regions	house types that simultaneously appear in a region	22
5031849893	diffusion routes	route that shows where ideas spread	23
5031849894	saltbox	housing type that is mainly found in New England has a slanted roof to knock snow off	24
5031849895	ranch	housing type that only has 1 level; typically very long	25
5031849896	acculturation	modification of a culture through the adoption of new cultural traits from a society with different traditions	26
5031849897	artifacts	material evidence of human substinence	27
5031849898	mentifacts	the world views, values, and beliefs such as those expressed in religion and art	28
5031849899	sociofacts	institutions that bind a society together	29
5031849900	identity	how we make sense of ourselves	30
5031849901	Gillian Rose	defined identity and sense of place	31
5031849902	identifying against	when one person is defined as being in one group, but identifies in another group	32
5031849903	race	constructed identity based on biological traits	33
5031849904	racism	discrimination based on race	34
5031849905	residential segregation	when 2 or more groups live in separate neighborhoods/cities from each other	35
5031849906	invasion and succession	new immigrants occupy older immigrant's areas	36
5031849907	ethnicity	people that are closely bounded in a certain place over time	37
5031849908	queer theory	theory that queers are discriminated against	38
5031849909	power relationships	one person in a relationship takes more control	39
5031849910	dowry deaths	problem in India where a bride may be killed by her husband if she does not fulfill his wants/needs	40
5031849911	language	a set of sounds and symbols used for communication	41
5031849912	standard language	language in a country that is widely used, published and taught	42
5031849913	dialects	variants of a standard language within a region, culture, or ethnic group	43
5031849914	isogloss	geographic boundary where a dialect or language is found	44
5031849915	mutual intelligibility	2 people can understand each other when speaking	45
5031849916	dialect chains	the idea that dialects closest to each other will be the most similar	46
5031849917	language families	languages that have a similar origin	47
5031849918	subfamilies	stems off of language families where the commonalities are more definite	48
5031849919	sound shift	slight change in words among similar languages	49
5031849920	Proto-Indo-European	ancestral Indo-European language	50
5031849921	backward reconstruction	tracking sound shifts to the hardening of consonants to find a language origin	51
5031849922	extinct language	language that has no native speakers	52
5031849923	deep reconstruction	recreating languages that preceded it through the hardening of consonants	53
5031849924	Nostratic	Original Proto-Indo-European language	54
5031849925	language divergence	when a language breaks into a dialect	55
5031849926	language convergence	when 2 dialects collapse into one	56
5031849927	Renfrew hypothesis	hypothesis the first language hearth was agricultural and it diffused around from there	57
5031849928	conquest theory	theory that early speakers traveled on horseback west of the hearth	58
5031849929	dispersal hypothesis	hypothesis that language carried eastward into Southwest Asia	59
5031849930	Romance languages	language family where all of the areas were once controlled by the Roman empire	60
5031849931	Germanic languages	language family that reflects the expansion of Northern Europe to the west and the south	61
5031849932	Slavic languages	language family that was formed from the Slavic people migrating from a base into present day Ukraine	62
5031849933	lingua franca	language used among different language speakers for trade	63
5031849934	pidgin language	combination of 2 languages	64
5031849935	Creole language	when a pidgin language becomes someone's native tongue	65
5031849936	monolingual states	countries with one language spoken	66
5031849937	multilingual states	countries with multiple languages spoken	67
5031849938	official language	language that is adopted by a country to tie people together	68
5031849939	global language	a language that is the most commonly used in trade and commerce	69
5031849940	toponym	the name of a place	70
5031849941	religion	system of beliefs and practices that attempts to put someone's life in order by their culture's priorities	71
5031849942	secularism	religion is not significant to some people	72
5031849943	monotheistic	belief of one god	73
5031849944	polytheistic	belief of two or more gods	74
5031849945	animistic	worshiping of inanimate objects	75
5031849946	universal religion	religion that is very common because many people are converted to it	76
5031849947	ethnic religion	religion practiced by one culture or ethnic group	77
5031849948	Hinduism	3rd most popular religion worldwide that believes in Vedas, karma, and reincarnation	78
5031849949	caste system	social class system	79
5031849950	Buddhism	religion created from those who questioned Hinduism created by Siddhartha	80
5031849951	Shintoism	Japanese religion that is related to Buddhism	81
5031849952	Taoism	Chinese philosophy created by Lao-Tsu	82
5031849953	Feng Shui	art and science of organizing living spaces to channel natural life forces	83
5031849954	Confucianism	philosophy of life	84
5031849955	Judaism	belief system of the Jews	85
5031849956	diaspora	spatial dispersion of an ethnic group	86
5031849957	Zionism	belief that Jews shouldn't absorb into other societies	87
5031849958	Christianity	most popular religion worldwide that is stemmed off of Jesus in the Mediterranean	88
5031849959	Eastern Orthodox	Stem of Christianity created when the Ottoman Turks defeated the Serbs	89
5031849960	Roman Catholic	stem of Christianity that is the most dominant which was caused by the division in Western and Eastern Roman empire	90
5031849961	Islam	2nd most popular religion worldwide that is followed by Muslims who believe in Allah. This religion was created by Muhammad	91
5031849962	Sunni	greater majority of Muslims	92
5031849963	Shi'ite (pronounced "Shia")	Muslims concentrated in Iran	93
5031849964	Shamanism	African religion that follows Shaman	94
5031849965	pilgrimage	travelling to a religious site to pay respect	95
5031849966	sacred sites	places that are infused with religious meaning	96
5031849967	minaret	tower where prayers are made for Muslims	97
5031849968	hajj	Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca	98
5031849969	interfaith boundaries	boundaries between the world's major faiths	99
5031849970	intrafaith boundaries	boundaries within a major faith	100
5031849971	genocide	attempts to destroy an ethnic group	101
5031849972	ethnic cleansing	to cleanse a territory of an ethnic group	102
5031849973	religious fundamentalism	wanting to return to the basics of their faith	103
5031849974	religious extremism	violent religious fundamentalism	104
5031849975	Vedas	sacred text of Hinduism is _____	105
5031849976	Ganges River	sacred site of Hinduism is ______	106
5031849977	Cambodia	Hindu temple location	107
5031849978	stupas	sacred sites of Buddhism	108
5031849979	Torah	sacred text of Judaism	109
5031849980	Abraham	founder of Judaism	110
5031849981	Jerusalem	sacred site of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism	111
5031849982	bible	sacred text of Christianity	112
5031849983	Bethlehem	other sacred site of Christianity besides Jerusalem	113
5031849984	Protestant	3rd split of Christianity in the 1400's	114
5031849985	Qu'ran	sacred text of Islam	115
5031849986	Muhammad	founder of Islam	116
5031849987	Mecca and Medina	sacred sites of Islam	117
5031849988	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	118