Biochemistry Flashcards

5984827067	carboxyl group pKa	2	0
5984828214	amino group pKa	between 9 and 10	1
5984833541	nonpolar, nonaromatic amino acids	glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline	2
5984834954	aromatic amino acids	tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine	3
5984837645	polar amino acids	serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine	4
5984840768	negatively charged (acidic) amino acids	aspartate, glutamate	5
5984842925	positively charged (basic) amino acids	lysine, arginine, histidine	6
5984844717	pKa	the pH at which half of the species is deprotonated; [HA] = [A-]	7
5984849304	pI without charged side chain	6	8
5984854445	pI of acidic amino acids	well below 6	9
5984855402	pI of basic amino acids	well above 6	10
5984857143	hydrolysis	reaction where peptide bonds are broken	11
5984858339	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide and is stabilized by peptide bonds	12
5984860712	secondary structure	the local structure of neighboring amino acids, and is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between amino groups and nonadjacent carboxyl groups	13
5984864408	alpha-helix	clockwise coils around central axis	14
5984865661	beta-pleated sheets	rippled strands that can be parallel or antiparallel	15
5984867315	proline	can interrupt secondary structure because of its rigid cyclic structure	16
5984869663	tertiary structure	the three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, and is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, acid-base interactions (salt bridges), hydrogen bonding, and disulfide bonds	17
5984875064	disulfide bonds	occur when two cysteine molecules ore oxidized and create a covalent bond to form cystine	18
5984878226	quarternary structure	the interaction between peptides in proteins that contain multiple subunits	19
5984886304	oxidoreductases	catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer of electrons	20
5984889533	transferases	move functional group from one molecule to another molecule	21
5984890780	hydrolases	catalyze cleavage without the addition of water	22
5984891683	lyases	catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without the transfer of electrons.	23
5984894574	synthesis	reverse reaction of lyases	24
5984896016	isomerases	catalyze the interconversion of isomers, including both constitutional isomers and stereoisomers	25
5984897905	ligases	responsible for joining two large biomolecules, often of the same type	26