AP world history vocab Flashcards

2865774151	Paleolithic Age	The old stone age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence.	0
2865774152	Homo Sapiens	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic Period	1
2865774153	Neolithic Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals.	2
2865774154	Hunting and gathering	the original economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups that hunt for meat and forge for grains, nuts and berries.	3
2865774155	Bronze Age	from about 4,000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500BCE when iron began to replace it.	4
2865774156	Slash and burn agriculture	A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; Forest floors cleared by fire are then planted	5
2865774157	civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non farming elites, as week as merchant and manufacturing groups	6
2865774158	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern turkey; was larger in population then Jericho; had greater degree of social stratification	7
2865774159	Nomads	cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as barbarian by civilized societies	8
2865774160	Mesopotamia	literally between the rivers; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	9
2865774161	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	10
2865774162	Indus River valley	river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of harappan civilization	11
2865774163	Harappa	along with mohenjodara, major urban complex of the harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	12
2865774164	Shang dynasty	first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in ordos buldge of the huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 BCE	13
2865774165	Zhou	originally a vassal family of Shang China; overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122 to 256 BCE	14
2865774166	Feudalism	social system where the nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military service	15
2865774167	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese religious ideology developed by Zhou, it was prerogative of heaven to grant power to ruler of China/ take it away	16
2865774168	qin	established in 221 BCE to the end of the warring states period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; fell in 207 BCE	17
2865774169	Shi Huangdi	founder of Qin dynasty, United China in 221BCE	18
2865774170	warring states period	period in ancient China concluding with the victory of the state of Qin in 221bce, creating a unified China	19
2865774171	Confucius	Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher	20
2865774172	laozi	philosopher + poet of ancient China, founder of Taoism	21
2865774173	Daoism	living in harmony with the Tao/Dao philosophical, ethical +religious tradition of Chinese origin	22
2865774174	legalism	excessive adherence to law, dependence on moral law rather than on personal religious faith	23
2865774175	great wall	Chinese defensive fortification untested to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north	24
2865774176	Han	Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE	25
2865774177	Buddha	creator of Buddhism, born in 6th century BCE	26
2865774178	Alexader the great	conquered Persian empire	27
2865774179	Himalayan mountains	site of aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms	28
2865774180	Aryans	Indo-european nomadic pastoralists who replaced harappan civilization	29
2865774181	Sanskrit	sacred + classical Indian language	30
2865774182	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, honor, love, + social duty	31
2865774183	Ramayana	take tracing adventurers of king Roma + his wife Sita	32
2865774184	Upanishads	contained sophisticated philosophical ideas, later books in the Vedas	33
2865774185	Varnas	clusters of caste groups in aryan society	34
2865774186	untouchables	low social class in Hindu culture	35
2865774187	Indra	chief duty of the Aryans (colossal, hard-drinking warriors)	36
2865774188	Chandragupta Maurya	founder of Maurya dynasty	37
2865774189	Maurya dynasty	established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century BCE	38
2865774190	Ashoka	grandson on chandragupta maurya, spread Buddhism throughout his empire	39
2865774191	dharma	caste position + career determined by a persons birth	40
2865774192	Gupta dynasty	succeeded the Kushans in 3rd century BCE	41
2865774193	kautilya	political advisor, believed in scientific application of warfare	42
2865774194	gurus	served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the guptas	43
2865774195	karma	weirdly pleasures	44
2865774196	reincarnation	attachment of the soul to some animal form	45
2865774197	nirvana	Buddhist state of enlightenment	46
2865774198	kamasutra	offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher-caste males	47
2865774199	scholar-gentry	mental linkage of the land holding aristocrat with office holding shi	48
2865774200	shiva	Hindu god of destruction/reproduction	49
2865774201	Vishnu	the Brahmin(god of sacrifice)	50