Biochemistry Flashcards

4777805712	Organic Chemistry	The study of Carbon compounds	0
4777852117	Atomic Number	The number of Protons in an element	1
4777853105	Atomic Mass	The mass of an element - Protons + Neutrons	2
4777857924	Isotopes	Different forms of an element with a difference in NEUTRONS	3
4777862117	Ion	a charged atom - can be positive or can be negative	4
4777866491	Valence Electron	electrons that are in the outermost ring - used for bonding	5
4777868800	Covalent Bonds	Bonds that made through "sharing" electrons	6
4777870971	Ionic Bonds	Bonds that are made through "transfering" or "giving" electrons	7
4777876671	Anion	a negative ion - ex. Cl-	8
4777878752	Cation	a postiive ion - ex. Na+	9
4777882904	Molecule	Two or more elements that are bonded together	10
4777884807	Compound	A substance that is comprised of two or more elements usually in a fixed ratio	11
4813327641	Isomer	a compound with the same molecular formula but a different structure	12
4811527027	Monomer	The smallest building block used to build macromolecules	13
4811529791	Polymer	Multiple monomers put together and forming large macromolecules	14
4811534407	Dehydration Synthesis	Process used to join monomers together to form polymers by removing a water molecule (anabolic)	15
4811541614	Hydrolysis	Process used to break apart polymers to into smaller polymers or monomers by removing water (catabolic)	16
4813232923	Hydrophobic	water- fearing	17
4813234765	Hydrophillic	water-loving	18
4813241081	Carbohydrates	main source of enegy	19
4813239137	-ose	suffix for most carbohydrates	20
4813243584	Monosaccharide	a simple sugar made of one monomer ex. Glucose	21
4813246939	Disaccharide	a sugar made of 2 monomers ex. Sucrose	22
4813251174	Polysaccharide	a complex sugar made of many monomers ex. Starch	23
4813260338	Starch	a polysaccharide that is STORED in plants ex. potatoes, pasta, rice	24
4813263511	Cellulose	a polysaccharide used for structural support in plants ex. fiber (most abundant organic compound on Earth)	25
4813268927	Glycogen	a polysaccharide that is STORED in animals ex. stored in liver and muscles	26
4813278737	Protein	Also known as a peptide	27
4813279862	Amino Acid	monomer of Proteins	28
4813346562	Enzyme	a protein that helps regulate metabolic reactions	29
4813365283	-ase	the ending of most enzymes	30
4813357305	An example of carbohydrate structure		31
4813361598	An example of protein structure		32
4849660511	Lipids	Fats and Oils that are made up of C,H, and O in no particular ratios	33
4849666740	Fats	also known as triglycerides made up of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains	34
4849675607	Fats characteristic	1. Stored concentrated Energy 2. Cushion Organs 3. Insulates Body (temp)	35
4850221592	Unsaturated Fat	Fat that comes from plants and fish that contain at least 1 double bond between C's	36
4850229515	Saturated fat	Fat that is found in animals and contains no double bonds between carbons	37
4850233146	Phosopholipid	Made up of 1 glycerol, 2 Fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group that comprise all cell membranes	38
4850242024	Steroids	fat group that is comprised of 4 fused carbon rings and have different functions. Examples are hormones and cholesterol.	39