Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 6115498563 | Inorganic compounds | compounds that do not contain carbon; water, salts, and many acids and bases | 0 | |
| 6115500999 | Organic compounds | compounds that contain carbon; form macromolecules | 1 | |
| 6115507022 | Anion | atom that gained electrons (net negative charge) | 2 | |
| 6115508098 | Cation | atom that lost electrons (net positive charge) | 3 | |
| 6115509220 | Ions | charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons | 4 | |
| 6115514561 | Acids | release H+; proton donors | 5 | |
| 6115514907 | Bases | release OH-; proton acceptors | 6 | |
| 6115515529 | pH values of Acids | 0 - 6.99 | 7 | |
| 6115516444 | pH values of Bases | 7.01 - 14 | 8 | |
| 6115517560 | Neutral pH value | 7 | 9 | |
| 6115518734 | polymers | molecules made of repetitive series of identical or similar subunits; "multiple legos" | 10 | |
| 6115520069 | monomers | an identical or similar subunit; "one lego" | 11 | |
| 6115523651 | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | organic compounds, they contain carbon | 12 | |
| 6115525927 | carbohydrates | contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; CH2O | 13 | |
| 6115528089 | carbohydrates are hydrophobic or hydrophilic | hydrophilic, they like water | 14 | |
| 6115530067 | sacchar-, ose- | sugar or sweet (suffixes) | 15 | |
| 6115530807 | 3 types of carbohydrates | monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides | 16 | |
| 6115534299 | dehydration synthesis | lose water when two sugars are put together | 17 | |
| 6115535917 | hydrolysis | make water when two sugars are separated | 18 | |
| 6115537951 | 3 major disaccharides | sucrose, lactose, maltose | 19 | |
| 6115538888 | sucrose | glucose + fructose | 20 | |
| 6115539553 | lactose (general makeup) | galactose + glucose | 21 | |
| 6115540480 | maltose | glucose + glucose | 22 | |
| 6115543700 | polysaccharides | polymers of simple sugars | 23 | |
| 6115544785 | glycogen | polysaccharide; important storage form of glucose in the human body | 24 | |
| 6115546440 | starch (amylose) | polysaccharide; main storage form of glucose in plants | 25 | |
| 6115548163 | cellulose | polysaccharide; important structural molecule in plants; a dietary fiber when found in food | 26 | |
| 6115557954 | carbohydrates (function) | supply a source of cellular food; converted into glucose; quick energy source | 27 | |
| 6115569206 | Lipids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophobic; water and fats do not mix | 28 | |
| 6115572438 | Lipids (examples) | fatty acids, neutral fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids | 29 | |
| 6115797782 | Neutral Fats (Triglycerides) | Glycerol (head) + 3 fatty acids (tail) | 30 | |
| 6115799323 | Neutral Fats (Triglycerides) (function) | energy storage, insulation, shock absorption (adipose tissue) | 31 | |
| 6115806581 | Phospholipids | modified triglyceride; Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group; polar head and nonpolar tails | 32 | |
| 6115815017 | Phospholipids are hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or both (amphiphilic) | Amphiphilic; fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and phosphate head is hydrophilic | 33 | |
| 6115821073 | Phospholipids (location) | the structural basis of cell membranes | 34 | |
| 6115833651 | Proteins | organic macromolecule composed of combinations of 20 types of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds | 35 | |
| 6115838215 | Amino acid (general makeup) | central carbon with 3 attachments: amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and radical group (R group) | 36 | |
| 6115843849 | Properties of amino acid is determined by? | Radical Group (R Group) | 37 | |
| 6115858174 | Amino acids (what is it?) | building block of proteins; made up of carboxyl group (COOH), amino group (NH2), and side chain (R Group) | 38 | |
| 6115869934 | Peptide (what is it?) | any molecule composed of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds | 39 | |
| 6115874187 | Peptide bond (what is it) | joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next; formed by dehydration synthesis | 40 | |
| 6115915888 | Enzymes | proteins that act as catalysts (speeds a process up) | 41 | |
| 6115924695 | Nucleic acids | bipolymers made up of nucleotides | 42 | |
| 6115931281 | nucleotides (what is it) | building blocks of nucleic acids | 43 | |
| 6115933834 | nucleotides (general makeup) | 3 components: nitrogenous base, sugar, and one or more phosphate groups | 44 | |
| 6115941401 | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) (what is it) | source of immediately usable energy for the cell; best known nucleotide | 45 | |
| 6115949116 | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) (make up) | Adenine (nitrogenous base) + ribose (sugar) + phosphate group (3) | 46 | |
| 6115957967 | Nitrogen bases for nucleotide structures | Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U) | 47 | |
| 6115969459 | Types of ATP | DNA & RNA | 48 | |
| 6116093927 | DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (what is it) | double stranded helical molecule found in the nucleus of the cell | 49 | |
| 6116098764 | DNA (what it contains) | Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous bases (Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine) | 50 | |
| 6116110159 | DNA (nitrogenous bases) | Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) | 51 | |
| 6116118236 | RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) | single stranded molecule found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell | 52 | |
| 6116122162 | RNA | uses the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine | 53 | |
| 6116124625 | DNA | uses the nitrogenous base thymine instead of uracil | 54 | |
| 6116126385 | Types of RNA | messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA | 55 | |
| 6116129877 | Nitrogenous Bases of RNA | Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) | 56 |